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<chapter>
  <header>
    <copyright>
      <year>1997</year><year>2009</year>
      <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
    </copyright>
    <legalnotice>
      The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
      Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
      compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
      Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
      retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
    
      Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
      basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
      the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
      under the License.
    
    </legalnotice>

    <title>The MIB Compiler</title>
    <prepared></prepared>
    <responsible></responsible>
    <docno></docno>
    <approved></approved>
    <checked></checked>
    <date></date>
    <rev></rev>
    <file>snmp_mib_compiler.xml</file>
  </header>
  <p>The chapter <em>The MIB Compiler</em> describes the MIB compiler
    and contains the following topics:
    </p>
  <list type="bulleted">
    <item>Operation</item>
    <item>Import</item>
    <item>Consistency checking between MIBs</item>
    <item>.hrl file generation</item>
    <item>Emacs integration</item>
    <item>Deviations from the standard
    </item>
  </list>
  <note>
    <p>When importing MIBs, ensure that the imported MIBs as well as the 
      importing MIB are compiled using the same version of the 
      SNMP-compiler.</p>
  </note>

  <section>
    <title>Operation</title>
    <p>The MIB must be written as a text file in SMIv1 or SMIv2 using 
      an ASN.1 notation before
      it will be compiled. This text file must have the same name as the MIB,
      but with the suffix <c>.mib</c>. This is necessary for handling
      the <c>IMPORT</c> statement.
      </p>
    <p>The association file, which contains the names of
      instrumentation functions for the MIB, should have the suffix
      <c>.funcs</c>. If the compiler does not find the association file,
      it gives a warning message and uses default instrumentation
      functions.  (See <seealso marker="snmp_instr_functions#snmp_3">Default Instrumentation</seealso> for more details).
      </p>
    <p>The MIB compiler is started with a call to
      <c><![CDATA[snmpc:compile(<mibname>).]]></c> For example:
      </p>
    <code type="none">
snmpc:compile("RFC1213-MIB").
    </code>
    <p>The output is a new file which is called <c><![CDATA[<mibname>.bin]]></c>.
      </p>
    <p>The MIB compiler understands both SMIv1 and SMIv2 MIBs.  It
      uses the MODULE-IDENTITY statement to determinate if the MIB is
      written in SMI version 1 or 2.
      </p>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Importing MIBs</title>
    <p>The compiler handles the <c>IMPORT</c> statement. It is important to
      import the compiled file and not the ASN.1 (source) file. A MIB must
      be recompiled to make changes visible to other MIBs importing it.
      </p>
    <p>The compiled files of the imported MIBs must be present in the
      current directory, or a directory in the current path. The path is
      supplied with the <c>{i, Path}</c> option, for example:
      </p>
    <code type="none">
snmpc:compile("MY-MIB", 
       [{i, ["friend_mibs/", "../standard_mibs/"]}]).
    </code>
    <p>It is also possible to import MIBs from OTP applications in an
      <c>"include_lib"</c> like fashion with the <c>il</c>
      option. Example:
      </p>
    <code type="none">
snmpc:compile("MY-MIB", 
       [{il, ["snmp/priv/mibs/", "myapp/priv/mibs/"]}]).
    </code>
    <p>finds the latest version of the <c>snmp</c> and <c>myapp</c>
      applications in the OTP system and uses the expanded paths as
      include paths.
      </p>
    <p>Note that an SMIv2 MIB can import an SMIv1 MIB and vice versa.
      </p>
    <p>The following MIBs are built-ins of the Erlang SNMP compiler:
      SNMPv2-SMI, RFC-1215, RFC-1212, SNMPv2-TC, SNMPv2-CONF, and
      RFC1155-SMI. They cannot therefore be compiled separately.
      </p>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>MIB Consistency Checking</title>
    <p>When an MIB is compiled, the compiler detects if several
      managed objects use the same <c>OBJECT IDENTIFIER</c>. If that is
      the case, it issues an error message. However, the compiler cannot
      detect Oid conflicts between different MIBs. These kinds of
      conflicts generate an error at load time. To avoid this, the
      following function can be used to do consistency checking between
      MIBs:
      </p>
    <pre>

erl><input>snmpc:is_consistent(ListOfMibNames).</input>
    </pre>
    <p><c>ListOfMibNames</c> is a list of compiled MIBs, for example
      <c>["RFC1213-MIB", "MY-MIB"]</c>. The function also performs
      consistency checking of trap definitions.</p>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>.hrl File Generation</title>
    <p>It is possible to generate an <c>.hrl</c> file which contains
      definitions of Erlang constants from a compiled MIB file. This
      file can then be included in Erlang source code. The file will
      contain constants for:
      </p>
    <list type="bulleted">
      <item>object Identifiers for tables, table entries and variables</item>
      <item>column numbers</item>
      <item>enumerated values</item>
      <item>default values for variables and table columns.
      </item>
    </list>
    <p>Use the following command to  generate a .hrl file from an MIB:
      </p>
    <pre>
erl><input>snmpc:mib_to_hrl(MibName).</input>
    </pre>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Emacs Integration</title>
    <p>With the Emacs editor, the <c>next-error</c> (<c>C-X `</c>)
      function can be used indicate where a compilation error occurred,
      provided the error message is described by a line number.
      </p>
    <p>Use <c>M-x compile</c> to compile an MIB from inside Emacs, and
      enter:
      </p>
    <pre>
 <input>erl -s snmpc compile &lt;MibName&gt; -noshell</input>
    </pre>
    <p>An example of <c><![CDATA[<MibName>]]></c> is <c>RFC1213-MIB</c>.
      </p>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Compiling from a Shell or a Makefile</title>
    <p>The <c>erlc</c> commands can be used to compile SNMP MIBs. Example:
      </p>
    <pre>
 <input>erlc MY-MIB.mib</input>
    </pre>
    <p>All the standard <c>erlc</c> flags are supported, e.g.
      </p>
    <pre>
 <input>erlc -I mymibs -o mymibs -W MY-MIB.mib</input>
    </pre>
    <p>The flags specific to the MIB compiler can be specified by
      using the <c>+</c> syntax:
      </p>
    <pre>
 <input>erlc +'{group_check,false}' MY-MIB.mib</input>
    </pre>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Deviations from the Standard</title>
    <p>In some aspects the Erlang MIB compiler does not follow or
      implement the SMI fully. Here are the differences:
      </p>
    <list type="bulleted">
      <item>
        <p>Tables must be written in the following order:
          <c>tableObject</c>, <c>entryObject</c>, <c>column1</c>, ...,
          <c>columnN</c> (in order).</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>Integer values, for example in the <c>SIZE</c> expression
          must be entered in decimal syntax, not in hex or bit syntax.</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>Symbolic names must be unique within a MIB and within a
          system.</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>Hyphens are allowed in SMIv2 (a pragmatic approach).  The
          reason for this is that according to SMIv2, hyphens are allowed
          for objects converted from SMIv1, but not for others.  This is
          impossible to check for the compiler.</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>If a word is a keyword in any of SMIv1 or SMIv2, it is a
          keyword in the compiler (deviates from SMIv1 only).</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>Indexes in a table must be objects, not types (deviates
          from SMIv1 only).</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>A subset of all semantic checks on types are
          implemented. For example, strictly the <c>TimeTicks</c> may not
          be sub-classed but the compiler allows this (standard MIBs must
          pass through the compiler) (deviates from SMIv2 only).</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>The <c>MIB.Object</c> syntax is not implemented (since all
          objects must be unique anyway).</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>Two different names cannot define the same OBJECT IDENTIFIER.</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <p>The type checking in the SEQUENCE construct is non-strict 
          (i.e. subtypes may be specified).  The reason for this is 
          that some standard MIBs use this.</p>
      </item>
      <item>A definition has normally a status field. When the status field
       has the value deprecated, then the MIB-compiler will ignore this 
       definition. With the MIB-compiler option <c>{deprecated,true}</c> 
       the MIB-compiler does not ignore the deprecated definitions.</item>
      <item>An object has a DESCRIPTIONS field. The descriptions-field will 
       not be included in the compiled mib by default. In order to get 
       the description, the mib must be compiled with the option 
      <c>description</c>.</item>
    </list>
  </section>
</chapter>

