#  File src/library/stats/R/xtabs.R
#  Part of the R package, http://www.R-project.org
#
#  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
#  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.
#
#  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#  GNU General Public License for more details.
#
#  A copy of the GNU General Public License is available at
#  http://www.r-project.org/Licenses/

xtabs <- function(formula = ~., data = parent.frame(), subset, sparse = FALSE,
		  na.action, exclude = c(NA, NaN), drop.unused.levels = FALSE)
{
    if (missing(formula) && missing(data))
	stop("must supply either 'formula' or 'data'")
    if(!missing(formula)){
	## We need to coerce the formula argument now, but model.frame
	## will coerce the original version later.
	formula <- as.formula(formula)
	if (!inherits(formula, "formula"))
	    stop("'formula' missing or incorrect")
    }
    if (any(attr(terms(formula, data = data), "order") > 1))
	stop("interactions are not allowed")
    m <- match.call(expand.dots = FALSE)
    if (is.matrix(eval(m$data, parent.frame())))
	m$data <- as.data.frame(data)
    m$... <- m$exclude <- m$drop.unused.levels <- m$sparse <- NULL
    m[[1L]] <- as.name("model.frame")
    mf <- eval(m, parent.frame())
    if(length(formula) == 2L) {
	by <- mf
	y <- NULL
    }
    else {
	i <- attr(attr(mf, "terms"), "response")
	by <- mf[-i]
	y <- mf[[i]]
    }
    by <- lapply(by, function(u) {
	if(!is.factor(u)) u <- factor(u, exclude = exclude)
	u[ , drop = drop.unused.levels]
    })
    if(!sparse) { ## identical to stats::xtabs
	x <-
	    if(is.null(y))
		do.call("table", by)
	    else if(NCOL(y) == 1L)
		tapply(y, by, sum)
	    else {
		z <- lapply(as.data.frame(y), tapply, by, sum)
		array(unlist(z),
		      dim = c(dim(z[[1L]]), length(z)),
		      dimnames = c(dimnames(z[[1L]]), list(names(z))))
	    }
	x[is.na(x)] <- 0
	class(x) <- c("xtabs", "table")
	attr(x, "call") <- match.call()
	x

    } else { ## sparse
	if (length(by) != 2L)
	    stop("xtabs(*, sparse=TRUE) applies only to two-way tables")
        ## loadNamespace(.) is very quick, once it *is* loaded:
	if(is.null(tryCatch(loadNamespace("Matrix"), error= function(e)NULL)))
            stop("xtabs(*, sparse=TRUE) needs package \"Matrix\" correctly installed")
	rows <- by[[1L]]
	cols <- by[[2L]]
	rl <- levels(rows)
	cl <- levels(cols)
	if (is.null(y))
	    y <- rep.int(1, length(rows))
	as(new("dgTMatrix",
	       i = as.integer(rows) - 1L,
	       j = as.integer(cols) - 1L,
	       x = as.double(y),
	       Dim = c(length(rl), length(cl)),
	       Dimnames = list(rl, cl)), "CsparseMatrix")
    }
}

print.xtabs <- function(x, ...)
{
    ox <- x
    attr(x, "call") <- NULL
    print.table(x, ...)
    invisible(ox)
}
