/*
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2010  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
 * Copyright (C) 2000-2003  Internet Software Consortium.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
 * REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
 * AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
 * INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
 * OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
 * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

/* $Id: validator.c,v 1.182.16.12.2.1 2010/06/26 00:00:58 marka Exp $ */

#include <config.h>

#include <isc/base32.h>
#include <isc/mem.h>
#include <isc/print.h>
#include <isc/sha2.h>
#include <isc/string.h>
#include <isc/task.h>
#include <isc/util.h>

#include <dns/db.h>
#include <dns/dnssec.h>
#include <dns/ds.h>
#include <dns/events.h>
#include <dns/keytable.h>
#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
#include <dns/log.h>
#include <dns/message.h>
#include <dns/ncache.h>
#include <dns/nsec.h>
#include <dns/nsec3.h>
#include <dns/rdata.h>
#include <dns/rdataset.h>
#include <dns/rdatatype.h>
#include <dns/resolver.h>
#include <dns/result.h>
#include <dns/validator.h>
#include <dns/view.h>

/*! \file
 * \brief
 * Basic processing sequences.
 *
 * \li When called with rdataset and sigrdataset:
 * validator_start -> validate -> proveunsecure -> startfinddlvsep ->
 *	dlv_validator_start -> validator_start -> validate -> proveunsecure
 *
 * validator_start -> validate -> nsecvalidate	(secure wildcard answer)
 *
 * \li When called with rdataset, sigrdataset and with DNS_VALIDATOR_DLV:
 * validator_start -> startfinddlvsep -> dlv_validator_start ->
 *	validator_start -> validate -> proveunsecure
 *
 * \li When called with rdataset:
 * validator_start -> proveunsecure -> startfinddlvsep ->
 *	dlv_validator_start -> validator_start -> proveunsecure
 *
 * \li When called with rdataset and with DNS_VALIDATOR_DLV:
 * validator_start -> startfinddlvsep -> dlv_validator_start ->
 *	validator_start -> proveunsecure
 *
 * \li When called without a rdataset:
 * validator_start -> nsecvalidate -> proveunsecure -> startfinddlvsep ->
 *	dlv_validator_start -> validator_start -> nsecvalidate -> proveunsecure
 *
 * Note: there isn't a case for DNS_VALIDATOR_DLV here as we want nsecvalidate()
 * to always validate the authority section even when it does not contain
 * signatures.
 *
 * validator_start: determines what type of validation to do.
 * validate: attempts to perform a positive validation.
 * proveunsecure: attempts to prove the answer comes from a unsecure zone.
 * nsecvalidate: attempts to prove a negative response.
 * startfinddlvsep: starts the DLV record lookup.
 * dlv_validator_start: resets state and restarts the lookup using the
 *	DLV RRset found by startfinddlvsep.
 */

#define VALIDATOR_MAGIC			ISC_MAGIC('V', 'a', 'l', '?')
#define VALID_VALIDATOR(v)		ISC_MAGIC_VALID(v, VALIDATOR_MAGIC)

#define VALATTR_SHUTDOWN		0x0001	/*%< Shutting down. */
#define VALATTR_CANCELED		0x0002	/*%< Canceled. */
#define VALATTR_TRIEDVERIFY		0x0004  /*%< We have found a key and
						 * have attempted a verify. */
#define VALATTR_INSECURITY		0x0010	/*%< Attempting proveunsecure. */
#define VALATTR_DLVTRIED		0x0020	/*%< Looked for a DLV record. */

/*!
 * NSEC proofs to be looked for.
 */
#define VALATTR_NEEDNOQNAME		0x00000100
#define VALATTR_NEEDNOWILDCARD		0x00000200
#define VALATTR_NEEDNODATA		0x00000400

/*!
 * NSEC proofs that have been found.
 */
#define VALATTR_FOUNDNOQNAME		0x00001000
#define VALATTR_FOUNDNOWILDCARD		0x00002000
#define VALATTR_FOUNDNODATA		0x00004000
#define VALATTR_FOUNDCLOSEST		0x00008000

/*
 *
 */
#define VALATTR_FOUNDOPTOUT		0x00010000
#define VALATTR_FOUNDUNKNOWN		0x00020000

#define NEEDNODATA(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_NEEDNODATA) != 0)
#define NEEDNOQNAME(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_NEEDNOQNAME) != 0)
#define NEEDNOWILDCARD(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_NEEDNOWILDCARD) != 0)
#define DLVTRIED(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_DLVTRIED) != 0)
#define FOUNDNODATA(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_FOUNDNODATA) != 0)
#define FOUNDNOQNAME(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_FOUNDNOQNAME) != 0)
#define FOUNDNOWILDCARD(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_FOUNDNOWILDCARD) != 0)
#define FOUNDCLOSEST(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_FOUNDCLOSEST) != 0)
#define FOUNDOPTOUT(val) ((val->attributes & VALATTR_FOUNDOPTOUT) != 0)

#define SHUTDOWN(v)		(((v)->attributes & VALATTR_SHUTDOWN) != 0)
#define CANCELED(v)		(((v)->attributes & VALATTR_CANCELED) != 0)

static void
destroy(dns_validator_t *val);

static isc_result_t
get_dst_key(dns_validator_t *val, dns_rdata_rrsig_t *siginfo,
	    dns_rdataset_t *rdataset);

static isc_result_t
validate(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t resume);

static isc_result_t
validatezonekey(dns_validator_t *val);

static isc_result_t
nsecvalidate(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t resume);

static isc_result_t
proveunsecure(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t have_ds,
	      isc_boolean_t resume);

static void
validator_logv(dns_validator_t *val, isc_logcategory_t *category,
	       isc_logmodule_t *module, int level, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
     ISC_FORMAT_PRINTF(5, 0);

static void
validator_log(dns_validator_t *val, int level, const char *fmt, ...)
     ISC_FORMAT_PRINTF(3, 4);

static void
validator_logcreate(dns_validator_t *val,
		    dns_name_t *name, dns_rdatatype_t type,
		    const char *caller, const char *operation);

static isc_result_t
dlv_validatezonekey(dns_validator_t *val);

static void
dlv_validator_start(dns_validator_t *val);

static isc_result_t
finddlvsep(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t resume);

static isc_result_t
startfinddlvsep(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t *unsecure);

/*%
 * Mark the RRsets as a answer.
 */
static inline void
markanswer(dns_validator_t *val, const char *where) {
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "marking as answer (%s)", where);
	if (val->event->rdataset != NULL)
		dns_rdataset_settrust(val->event->rdataset, dns_trust_answer);
	if (val->event->sigrdataset != NULL)
		dns_rdataset_settrust(val->event->sigrdataset,
				      dns_trust_answer);
}

static inline void
marksecure(dns_validatorevent_t *event) {
	dns_rdataset_settrust(event->rdataset, dns_trust_secure);
	if (event->sigrdataset != NULL)
		dns_rdataset_settrust(event->sigrdataset, dns_trust_secure);
}

static void
validator_done(dns_validator_t *val, isc_result_t result) {
	isc_task_t *task;

	if (val->event == NULL)
		return;

	/*
	 * Caller must be holding the lock.
	 */

	val->event->result = result;
	task = val->event->ev_sender;
	val->event->ev_sender = val;
	val->event->ev_type = DNS_EVENT_VALIDATORDONE;
	val->event->ev_action = val->action;
	val->event->ev_arg = val->arg;
	isc_task_sendanddetach(&task, (isc_event_t **)&val->event);
}

static inline isc_boolean_t
exit_check(dns_validator_t *val) {
	/*
	 * Caller must be holding the lock.
	 */
	if (!SHUTDOWN(val))
		return (ISC_FALSE);

	INSIST(val->event == NULL);

	if (val->fetch != NULL || val->subvalidator != NULL)
		return (ISC_FALSE);

	return (ISC_TRUE);
}

/*
 * Check that we have atleast one supported algorithm in the DLV RRset.
 */
static inline isc_boolean_t
dlv_algorithm_supported(dns_validator_t *val) {
	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdata_dlv_t dlv;
	isc_result_t result;

	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&val->dlv);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(&val->dlv)) {
		dns_rdata_reset(&rdata);
		dns_rdataset_current(&val->dlv, &rdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &dlv, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);

		if (!dns_resolver_algorithm_supported(val->view->resolver,
						      val->event->name,
						      dlv.algorithm))
			continue;

		if (dlv.digest_type != DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256 &&
		    dlv.digest_type != DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA1)
			continue;

		return (ISC_TRUE);
	}
	return (ISC_FALSE);
}

/*%
 * Look in the NSEC record returned from a DS query to see if there is
 * a NS RRset at this name.  If it is found we are at a delegation point.
 */
static isc_boolean_t
isdelegation(dns_name_t *name, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset,
	     isc_result_t dbresult)
{
	dns_fixedname_t fixed;
	dns_label_t hashlabel;
	dns_name_t nsec3name;
	dns_rdata_nsec3_t nsec3;
	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdataset_t set;
	int order;
	int scope;
	isc_boolean_t found;
	isc_buffer_t buffer;
	isc_result_t result;
	unsigned char hash[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH];
	unsigned char owner[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH];
	unsigned int length;

	REQUIRE(dbresult == DNS_R_NXRRSET || dbresult == DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET);

	dns_rdataset_init(&set);
	if (dbresult == DNS_R_NXRRSET)
		dns_rdataset_clone(rdataset, &set);
	else {
		result = dns_ncache_getrdataset(rdataset, name,
						dns_rdatatype_nsec, &set);
		if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND)
			goto trynsec3;
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			return (ISC_FALSE);
	}

	INSIST(set.type == dns_rdatatype_nsec);

	found = ISC_FALSE;
	result = dns_rdataset_first(&set);
	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		dns_rdataset_current(&set, &rdata);
		found = dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_ns);
		dns_rdata_reset(&rdata);
	}
	dns_rdataset_disassociate(&set);
	return (found);

 trynsec3:
	/*
	 * Iterate over the ncache entry.
	 */
	found = ISC_FALSE;
	dns_name_init(&nsec3name, NULL);
	dns_fixedname_init(&fixed);
	dns_name_downcase(name, dns_fixedname_name(&fixed), NULL);
	name = dns_fixedname_name(&fixed);
	result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset);
	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(rdataset))
	{
		dns_ncache_current(rdataset, &nsec3name, &set);
		if (set.type != dns_rdatatype_nsec3) {
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&set);
			continue;
		}
		dns_name_getlabel(&nsec3name, 0, &hashlabel);
		isc_region_consume(&hashlabel, 1);
		isc_buffer_init(&buffer, owner, sizeof(owner));
		result = isc_base32hex_decoderegion(&hashlabel, &buffer);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&set);
			continue;
		}
		for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&set);
		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
		     result = dns_rdataset_next(&set))
		{
			dns_rdata_reset(&rdata);
			dns_rdataset_current(&set, &rdata);
			(void)dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &nsec3, NULL);
			if (nsec3.hash != 1)
				continue;
			length = isc_iterated_hash(hash, nsec3.hash,
						   nsec3.iterations, nsec3.salt,
						   nsec3.salt_length,
						   name->ndata, name->length);
			if (length != isc_buffer_usedlength(&buffer))
				continue;
			order = memcmp(hash, owner, length);
			if (order == 0) {
				found = dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata,
							      dns_rdatatype_ns);
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&set);
				return (found);
			}
			if ((nsec3.flags & DNS_NSEC3FLAG_OPTOUT) == 0)
				continue;
			/*
			 * Does this optout span cover the name?
			 */
			scope = memcmp(owner, nsec3.next, nsec3.next_length);
			if ((scope < 0 && order > 0 &&
			     memcmp(hash, nsec3.next, length) < 0) ||
			    (scope >= 0 && (order > 0 ||
					memcmp(hash, nsec3.next, length) < 0)))
			{
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&set);
				return (ISC_TRUE);
			}
		}
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&set);
	}
	return (found);
}

/*%
 * We have been asked to look for a key.
 * If found resume the validation process.
 * If not found fail the validation process.
 */
static void
fetch_callback_validator(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	dns_fetchevent_t *devent;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	dns_rdataset_t *rdataset;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_result_t eresult;

	UNUSED(task);
	INSIST(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_FETCHDONE);
	devent = (dns_fetchevent_t *)event;
	val = devent->ev_arg;
	rdataset = &val->frdataset;
	eresult = devent->result;

	/* Free resources which are not of interest. */
	if (devent->node != NULL)
		dns_db_detachnode(devent->db, &devent->node);
	if (devent->db != NULL)
		dns_db_detach(&devent->db);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
	isc_event_free(&event);
	dns_resolver_destroyfetch(&val->fetch);

	INSIST(val->event != NULL);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in fetch_callback_validator");
	LOCK(&val->lock);
	if (CANCELED(val)) {
		validator_done(val, ISC_R_CANCELED);
	} else if (eresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "keyset with trust %d", rdataset->trust);
		/*
		 * Only extract the dst key if the keyset is secure.
		 */
		if (rdataset->trust >= dns_trust_secure) {
			result = get_dst_key(val, val->siginfo, rdataset);
			if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				val->keyset = &val->frdataset;
		}
		result = validate(val, ISC_TRUE);
		if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
			validator_done(val, result);
	} else {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "fetch_callback_validator: got %s",
			      isc_result_totext(eresult));
		if (eresult == ISC_R_CANCELED)
			validator_done(val, eresult);
		else
			validator_done(val, DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN);
	}
	want_destroy = exit_check(val);
	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);
}

/*%
 * We were asked to look for a DS record as part of following a key chain
 * upwards.  If found resume the validation process.  If not found fail the
 * validation process.
 */
static void
dsfetched(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	dns_fetchevent_t *devent;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	dns_rdataset_t *rdataset;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_result_t eresult;

	UNUSED(task);
	INSIST(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_FETCHDONE);
	devent = (dns_fetchevent_t *)event;
	val = devent->ev_arg;
	rdataset = &val->frdataset;
	eresult = devent->result;

	/* Free resources which are not of interest. */
	if (devent->node != NULL)
		dns_db_detachnode(devent->db, &devent->node);
	if (devent->db != NULL)
		dns_db_detach(&devent->db);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
	isc_event_free(&event);
	dns_resolver_destroyfetch(&val->fetch);

	INSIST(val->event != NULL);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in dsfetched");
	LOCK(&val->lock);
	if (CANCELED(val)) {
		validator_done(val, ISC_R_CANCELED);
	} else if (eresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "dsset with trust %d", rdataset->trust);
		val->dsset = &val->frdataset;
		result = validatezonekey(val);
		if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
			validator_done(val, result);
	} else if (eresult == DNS_R_NXRRSET ||
		   eresult == DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET ||
		   eresult == DNS_R_SERVFAIL)	/* RFC 1034 parent? */
	{
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "falling back to insecurity proof (%s)",
			      dns_result_totext(eresult));
		val->attributes |= VALATTR_INSECURITY;
		result = proveunsecure(val, ISC_FALSE, ISC_FALSE);
		if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
			validator_done(val, result);
	} else {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "dsfetched: got %s",
			      isc_result_totext(eresult));
		if (eresult == ISC_R_CANCELED)
			validator_done(val, eresult);
		else
			validator_done(val, DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN);
	}
	want_destroy = exit_check(val);
	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);
}

/*%
 * We were asked to look for the DS record as part of proving that a
 * name is unsecure.
 *
 * If the DS record doesn't exist and the query name corresponds to
 * a delegation point we are transitioning from a secure zone to a
 * unsecure zone.
 *
 * If the DS record exists it will be secure.  We can continue looking
 * for the break point in the chain of trust.
 */
static void
dsfetched2(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	dns_fetchevent_t *devent;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	dns_name_t *tname;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_result_t eresult;

	UNUSED(task);
	INSIST(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_FETCHDONE);
	devent = (dns_fetchevent_t *)event;
	val = devent->ev_arg;
	eresult = devent->result;

	/* Free resources which are not of interest. */
	if (devent->node != NULL)
		dns_db_detachnode(devent->db, &devent->node);
	if (devent->db != NULL)
		dns_db_detach(&devent->db);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
	dns_resolver_destroyfetch(&val->fetch);

	INSIST(val->event != NULL);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in dsfetched2: %s",
		      dns_result_totext(eresult));
	LOCK(&val->lock);
	if (CANCELED(val)) {
		validator_done(val, ISC_R_CANCELED);
	} else if (eresult == DNS_R_NXRRSET || eresult == DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET) {
		/*
		 * There is no DS.  If this is a delegation, we're done.
		 */
		tname = dns_fixedname_name(&devent->foundname);
		if (isdelegation(tname, &val->frdataset, eresult)) {
			if (val->mustbesecure) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
					      "must be secure failure, no DS"
					      " and this is a delegation");
				validator_done(val, DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
			} else if (val->view->dlv == NULL || DLVTRIED(val)) {
				markanswer(val, "dsfetched2");
				validator_done(val, ISC_R_SUCCESS);
			} else {
				result = startfinddlvsep(val, tname);
				if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
					validator_done(val, result);
			}
		} else {
			result = proveunsecure(val, ISC_FALSE, ISC_TRUE);
			if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
				validator_done(val, result);
		}
	} else if (eresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS ||
		   eresult == DNS_R_NXDOMAIN ||
		   eresult == DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN)
	{
		/*
		 * There is a DS which may or may not be a zone cut.
		 * In either case we are still in a secure zone resume
		 * validation.
		 */
		result = proveunsecure(val, ISC_TF(eresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS),
				       ISC_TRUE);
		if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
			validator_done(val, result);
	} else {
		if (eresult == ISC_R_CANCELED)
			validator_done(val, eresult);
		else
			validator_done(val, DNS_R_NOVALIDDS);
	}
	isc_event_free(&event);
	want_destroy = exit_check(val);
	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);
}

/*%
 * Callback from when a DNSKEY RRset has been validated.
 *
 * Resumes the stalled validation process.
 */
static void
keyvalidated(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	dns_validatorevent_t *devent;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_result_t eresult;

	UNUSED(task);
	INSIST(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_VALIDATORDONE);

	devent = (dns_validatorevent_t *)event;
	val = devent->ev_arg;
	eresult = devent->result;

	isc_event_free(&event);
	dns_validator_destroy(&val->subvalidator);

	INSIST(val->event != NULL);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in keyvalidated");
	LOCK(&val->lock);
	if (CANCELED(val)) {
		validator_done(val, ISC_R_CANCELED);
	} else if (eresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "keyset with trust %d", val->frdataset.trust);
		/*
		 * Only extract the dst key if the keyset is secure.
		 */
		if (val->frdataset.trust >= dns_trust_secure)
			(void) get_dst_key(val, val->siginfo, &val->frdataset);
		result = validate(val, ISC_TRUE);
		if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
			validator_done(val, result);
	} else {
		if (eresult != DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN) {
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
				dns_rdataset_expire(&val->frdataset);
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
				dns_rdataset_expire(&val->fsigrdataset);
		}
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "keyvalidated: got %s",
			      isc_result_totext(eresult));
		validator_done(val, DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN);
	}
	want_destroy = exit_check(val);
	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);
}

/*%
 * Callback when the DS record has been validated.
 *
 * Resumes validation of the zone key or the unsecure zone proof.
 */
static void
dsvalidated(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	dns_validatorevent_t *devent;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_result_t eresult;

	UNUSED(task);
	INSIST(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_VALIDATORDONE);

	devent = (dns_validatorevent_t *)event;
	val = devent->ev_arg;
	eresult = devent->result;

	isc_event_free(&event);
	dns_validator_destroy(&val->subvalidator);

	INSIST(val->event != NULL);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in dsvalidated");
	LOCK(&val->lock);
	if (CANCELED(val)) {
		validator_done(val, ISC_R_CANCELED);
	} else if (eresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		isc_boolean_t have_dsset;
		dns_name_t *name;
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "%s with trust %d",
			      val->frdataset.type == dns_rdatatype_ds ?
			      "dsset" : "ds non-existance",
			      val->frdataset.trust);
		have_dsset = ISC_TF(val->frdataset.type == dns_rdatatype_ds);
		name = dns_fixedname_name(&val->fname);
		if ((val->attributes & VALATTR_INSECURITY) != 0 &&
		    val->frdataset.covers == dns_rdatatype_ds &&
		    val->frdataset.type == 0 &&
		    isdelegation(name, &val->frdataset, DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET)) {
			if (val->mustbesecure) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
					      "must be secure failure, no DS "
					      "and this is a delegation");
				result = DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE;
			} else if (val->view->dlv == NULL || DLVTRIED(val)) {
				markanswer(val, "dsvalidated");
				result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;;
			} else
				result = startfinddlvsep(val, name);
		} else if ((val->attributes & VALATTR_INSECURITY) != 0) {
			result = proveunsecure(val, have_dsset, ISC_TRUE);
		} else
			result = validatezonekey(val);
		if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
			validator_done(val, result);
	} else {
		if (eresult != DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN) {
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
				dns_rdataset_expire(&val->frdataset);
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
				dns_rdataset_expire(&val->fsigrdataset);
		}
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "dsvalidated: got %s",
			      isc_result_totext(eresult));
		validator_done(val, DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN);
	}
	want_destroy = exit_check(val);
	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);
}

/*%
 * Return ISC_R_SUCCESS if we can determine that the name doesn't exist
 * or we can determine whether there is data or not at the name.
 * If the name does not exist return the wildcard name.
 *
 * Return ISC_R_IGNORE when the NSEC is not the appropriate one.
 */
static isc_result_t
nsecnoexistnodata(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t* name, dns_name_t *nsecname,
		  dns_rdataset_t *nsecset, isc_boolean_t *exists,
		  isc_boolean_t *data, dns_name_t *wild)
{
	int order;
	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	isc_result_t result;
	dns_namereln_t relation;
	unsigned int olabels, nlabels, labels;
	dns_rdata_nsec_t nsec;
	isc_boolean_t atparent;
	isc_boolean_t ns;
	isc_boolean_t soa;

	REQUIRE(exists != NULL);
	REQUIRE(data != NULL);
	REQUIRE(nsecset != NULL &&
		nsecset->type == dns_rdatatype_nsec);

	result = dns_rdataset_first(nsecset);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			"failure processing NSEC set");
		return (result);
	}
	dns_rdataset_current(nsecset, &rdata);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "looking for relevant nsec");
	relation = dns_name_fullcompare(name, nsecname, &order, &olabels);

	if (order < 0) {
		/*
		 * The name is not within the NSEC range.
		 */
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "NSEC does not cover name, before NSEC");
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
	}

	if (order == 0) {
		/*
		 * The names are the same.
		 */
		atparent = dns_rdatatype_atparent(val->event->type);
		ns = dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_ns);
		soa = dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_soa);
		if (ns && !soa) {
			if (!atparent) {
				/*
				 * This NSEC record is from somewhere higher in
				 * the DNS, and at the parent of a delegation.
				 * It can not be legitimately used here.
				 */
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "ignoring parent nsec");
				return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
			}
		} else if (atparent && ns && soa) {
			/*
			 * This NSEC record is from the child.
			 * It can not be legitimately used here.
			 */
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "ignoring child nsec");
			return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
		}
		if (val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_cname ||
		    val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_nxt ||
		    val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_nsec ||
		    val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_key ||
		    !dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_cname)) {
			*exists = ISC_TRUE;
			*data = dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, val->event->type);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "nsec proves name exists (owner) data=%d",
				      *data);
			return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		}
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "NSEC proves CNAME exists");
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
	}

	if (relation == dns_namereln_subdomain &&
	    dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_ns) &&
	    !dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_soa))
	{
		/*
		 * This NSEC record is from somewhere higher in
		 * the DNS, and at the parent of a delegation.
		 * It can not be legitimately used here.
		 */
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "ignoring parent nsec");
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
	}

	result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &nsec, NULL);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		return (result);
	relation = dns_name_fullcompare(&nsec.next, name, &order, &nlabels);
	if (order == 0) {
		dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec);
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "ignoring nsec matches next name");
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
	}

	if (order < 0 && !dns_name_issubdomain(nsecname, &nsec.next)) {
		/*
		 * The name is not within the NSEC range.
		 */
		dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec);
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			    "ignoring nsec because name is past end of range");
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
	}

	if (order > 0 && relation == dns_namereln_subdomain) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "nsec proves name exist (empty)");
		dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec);
		*exists = ISC_TRUE;
		*data = ISC_FALSE;
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	}
	if (wild != NULL) {
		dns_name_t common;
		dns_name_init(&common, NULL);
		if (olabels > nlabels) {
			labels = dns_name_countlabels(nsecname);
			dns_name_getlabelsequence(nsecname, labels - olabels,
						  olabels, &common);
		} else {
			labels = dns_name_countlabels(&nsec.next);
			dns_name_getlabelsequence(&nsec.next, labels - nlabels,
						  nlabels, &common);
		}
		result = dns_name_concatenate(dns_wildcardname, &common,
					       wild, NULL);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				    "failure generating wildcard name");
			return (result);
		}
	}
	dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec);
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "nsec range ok");
	*exists = ISC_FALSE;
	return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
}

static isc_result_t
nsec3noexistnodata(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t* name,
		   dns_name_t *nsec3name, dns_rdataset_t *nsec3set,
		   dns_name_t *zonename, isc_boolean_t *exists,
		   isc_boolean_t *data, isc_boolean_t *optout,
		   isc_boolean_t *unknown, isc_boolean_t *setclosest,
		   isc_boolean_t *setnearest, dns_name_t *closest,
		   dns_name_t *nearest)
{
	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	dns_fixedname_t fzone;
	dns_fixedname_t qfixed;
	dns_label_t hashlabel;
	dns_name_t *qname;
	dns_name_t *zone;
	dns_rdata_nsec3_t nsec3;
	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	int order;
	int scope;
	isc_boolean_t atparent;
	isc_boolean_t first;
	isc_boolean_t ns;
	isc_boolean_t soa;
	isc_buffer_t buffer;
	isc_result_t answer = ISC_R_IGNORE;
	isc_result_t result;
	unsigned char hash[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH];
	unsigned char owner[NSEC3_MAX_HASH_LENGTH];
	unsigned int length;
	unsigned int qlabels;
	unsigned int zlabels;

	REQUIRE((exists == NULL && data == NULL) ||
		(exists != NULL && data != NULL));
	REQUIRE(nsec3set != NULL && nsec3set->type == dns_rdatatype_nsec3);
	REQUIRE((setclosest == NULL && closest == NULL) ||
		(setclosest != NULL && closest != NULL));
	REQUIRE((setnearest == NULL && nearest == NULL) ||
		(setnearest != NULL && nearest != NULL));

	result = dns_rdataset_first(nsec3set);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			"failure processing NSEC3 set");
		return (result);
	}

	dns_rdataset_current(nsec3set, &rdata);

	result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &nsec3, NULL);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		return (result);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "looking for relevant NSEC3");

	dns_fixedname_init(&fzone);
	zone = dns_fixedname_name(&fzone);
	zlabels = dns_name_countlabels(nsec3name);

	/*
	 * NSEC3 records must have two or more labels to be valid.
	 */
	if (zlabels < 2)
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);

	/*
	 * Strip off the NSEC3 hash to get the zone.
	 */
	zlabels--;
	dns_name_split(nsec3name, zlabels, NULL, zone);

	/*
	 * If not below the zone name we can ignore this record.
	 */
	if (!dns_name_issubdomain(name, zone))
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);

	/*
	 * Is this zone the same or deeper than the current zone?
	 */
	if (dns_name_countlabels(zonename) == 0 ||
	    dns_name_issubdomain(zone, zonename))
		dns_name_copy(zone, zonename, NULL);

	if (!dns_name_equal(zone, zonename))
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);

	/*
	 * Are we only looking for the most enclosing zone?
	 */
	if (exists == NULL || data == NULL)
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);

	/*
	 * Only set unknown once we are sure that this NSEC3 is from
	 * the deepest covering zone.
	 */
	if (!dns_nsec3_supportedhash(nsec3.hash)) {
		if (unknown != NULL)
			*unknown = ISC_TRUE;
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
	}

	/*
	 * Recover the hash from the first label.
	 */
	dns_name_getlabel(nsec3name, 0, &hashlabel);
	isc_region_consume(&hashlabel, 1);
	isc_buffer_init(&buffer, owner, sizeof(owner));
	result = isc_base32hex_decoderegion(&hashlabel, &buffer);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		return (result);

	/*
	 * The hash lengths should match.  If not ignore the record.
	 */
	if (isc_buffer_usedlength(&buffer) != nsec3.next_length)
		return (ISC_R_IGNORE);

	/*
	 * Work out what this NSEC3 covers.
	 * Inside (<0) or outside (>=0).
	 */
	scope = memcmp(owner, nsec3.next, nsec3.next_length);

	/*
	 * Prepare to compute all the hashes.
	 */
	dns_fixedname_init(&qfixed);
	qname = dns_fixedname_name(&qfixed);
	dns_name_downcase(name, qname, NULL);
	qlabels = dns_name_countlabels(qname);
	first = ISC_TRUE;

	while (qlabels >= zlabels) {
		length = isc_iterated_hash(hash, nsec3.hash, nsec3.iterations,
					   nsec3.salt, nsec3.salt_length,
					   qname->ndata, qname->length);
		/*
		 * The computed hash length should match.
		 */
		if (length != nsec3.next_length) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "ignoring NSEC bad length %u vs %u",
				      length, nsec3.next_length);
			return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
		}

		order = memcmp(hash, owner, length);
		if (first && order == 0) {
			/*
			 * The hashes are the same.
			 */
			atparent = dns_rdatatype_atparent(val->event->type);
			ns = dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_ns);
			soa = dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_soa);
			if (ns && !soa) {
				if (!atparent) {
					/*
					 * This NSEC3 record is from somewhere
					 * higher in the DNS, and at the
					 * parent of a delegation. It can not
					 * be legitimately used here.
					 */
					validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
						      "ignoring parent NSEC3");
					return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
				}
			} else if (atparent && ns && soa) {
				/*
				 * This NSEC3 record is from the child.
				 * It can not be legitimately used here.
				 */
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "ignoring child NSEC3");
				return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
			}
			if (val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_cname ||
			    val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_nxt ||
			    val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_nsec ||
			    val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_key ||
			    !dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_cname)) {
				*exists = ISC_TRUE;
				*data = dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata,
							      val->event->type);
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "NSEC3 proves name exists (owner) "
					      "data=%d", *data);
				return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
			}
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "NSEC3 proves CNAME exists");
			return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
		}

		if (order == 0 &&
		    dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_ns) &&
		    !dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_soa))
		{
			/*
			 * This NSEC3 record is from somewhere higher in
			 * the DNS, and at the parent of a delegation.
			 * It can not be legitimately used here.
			 */
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "ignoring parent NSEC3");
			return (ISC_R_IGNORE);
		}

		/*
		 * Potential closest encloser.
		 */
		if (order == 0) {
			if (closest != NULL &&
			    (dns_name_countlabels(closest) == 0 ||
			     dns_name_issubdomain(qname, closest)) &&
			    !dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_ds) &&
			    !dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_dname) &&
			    (dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_soa) ||
			     !dns_nsec3_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_ns)))
			{

				dns_name_format(qname, namebuf,
						sizeof(namebuf));
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "NSEC3 indicates potential "
					      "closest encloser: '%s'",
					       namebuf);
				dns_name_copy(qname, closest, NULL);
				*setclosest = ISC_TRUE;
			}
			dns_name_format(qname, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "NSEC3 at super-domain %s", namebuf);
			return (answer);
		}

		/*
		 * Find if the name does not exist.
		 *
		 * We continue as we need to find the name closest to the
		 * closest encloser that doesn't exist.
		 *
		 * We also need to continue to ensure that we are not
		 * proving the non-existence of a record in a sub-zone.
		 * If that would be the case we will return ISC_R_IGNORE
		 * above.
		 */
		if ((scope < 0 && order > 0 &&
		     memcmp(hash, nsec3.next, length) < 0) ||
		    (scope >= 0 && (order > 0 ||
				    memcmp(hash, nsec3.next, length) < 0)))
		{
			char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];

			dns_name_format(qname, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "NSEC3 proves "
				      "name does not exist: '%s'", namebuf);
			if (nearest != NULL &&
			    (dns_name_countlabels(nearest) == 0 ||
			     dns_name_issubdomain(nearest, qname))) {
				dns_name_copy(qname, nearest, NULL);
				*setnearest = ISC_TRUE;
			}

			*exists = ISC_FALSE;
			*data = ISC_FALSE;
			if (optout != NULL) {
				if ((nsec3.flags & DNS_NSEC3FLAG_OPTOUT) != 0)
					validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
						      "NSEC3 indicates optout");
				*optout =
				    ISC_TF(nsec3.flags & DNS_NSEC3FLAG_OPTOUT);
			}
			answer = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
		}

		qlabels--;
		if (qlabels > 0)
			dns_name_split(qname, qlabels, NULL, qname);
		first = ISC_FALSE;
	}
	return (answer);
}

/*%
 * Callback for when NSEC records have been validated.
 *
 * Looks for NOQNAME, NODATA and OPTOUT proofs.
 *
 * Resumes nsecvalidate.
 */
static void
authvalidated(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	dns_validatorevent_t *devent;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	dns_rdataset_t *rdataset;
	dns_rdataset_t *sigrdataset;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_boolean_t exists, data;

	UNUSED(task);
	INSIST(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_VALIDATORDONE);

	devent = (dns_validatorevent_t *)event;
	rdataset = devent->rdataset;
	sigrdataset = devent->sigrdataset;
	val = devent->ev_arg;
	result = devent->result;
	dns_validator_destroy(&val->subvalidator);

	INSIST(val->event != NULL);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in authvalidated");
	LOCK(&val->lock);
	if (CANCELED(val)) {
		validator_done(val, ISC_R_CANCELED);
	} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "authvalidated: got %s",
			      isc_result_totext(result));
		if (result == DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN)
			val->authfail++;
		if (result == ISC_R_CANCELED)
			validator_done(val, result);
		else {
			result = nsecvalidate(val, ISC_TRUE);
			if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
				validator_done(val, result);
		}
	} else {
		dns_name_t **proofs = val->event->proofs;
		dns_name_t *wild = dns_fixedname_name(&val->wild);

		if (rdataset->trust == dns_trust_secure)
			val->seensig = ISC_TRUE;

		if (rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_nsec &&
		    rdataset->trust == dns_trust_secure &&
		    (NEEDNODATA(val) || NEEDNOQNAME(val)) &&
		    !FOUNDNODATA(val) && !FOUNDNOQNAME(val) &&
		    nsecnoexistnodata(val, val->event->name, devent->name,
				      rdataset, &exists, &data, wild)
				      == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		{
			if (exists && !data) {
				val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDNODATA;
				if (NEEDNODATA(val))
					proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NODATAPROOF] =
						devent->name;
			}
			if (!exists) {
				val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDNOQNAME;
				val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDCLOSEST;
				/*
				 * The NSEC noqname proof also contains
				 * the closest encloser.

				 */
				if (NEEDNOQNAME(val))
					proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NOQNAMEPROOF] =
						devent->name;
			}
		}

		result = nsecvalidate(val, ISC_TRUE);
		if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
			validator_done(val, result);
	}
	want_destroy = exit_check(val);
	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);

	/*
	 * Free stuff from the event.
	 */
	isc_event_free(&event);
}

/*%
 * Looks for the requested name and type in the view (zones and cache).
 *
 * When looking for a DLV record also checks to make sure the NSEC record
 * returns covers the query name as part of aggressive negative caching.
 *
 * Returns:
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS
 * \li	ISC_R_NOTFOUND
 * \li	DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN
 * \li	DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET
 * \li	DNS_R_NXRRSET
 * \li	DNS_R_NXDOMAIN
 * \li	DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN
 */
static inline isc_result_t
view_find(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t *name, dns_rdatatype_t type) {
	dns_fixedname_t fixedname;
	dns_name_t *foundname;
	dns_rdata_nsec_t nsec;
	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	isc_result_t result;
	unsigned int options;
	isc_time_t now;
	char buf1[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	char buf2[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	char buf3[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	char typebuf[DNS_RDATATYPE_FORMATSIZE];

	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);

	if (val->view->zonetable == NULL)
		return (ISC_R_CANCELED);

	if (isc_time_now(&now) == ISC_R_SUCCESS &&
	    dns_resolver_getbadcache(val->view->resolver, name, type, &now)) {

		dns_name_format(name, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
		dns_rdatatype_format(type, typebuf, sizeof(typebuf));
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_INFO, "bad cache hit (%s/%s)",
			      namebuf, typebuf);
		return (DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN);
	}

	options = DNS_DBFIND_PENDINGOK;
	if (type == dns_rdatatype_dlv)
		options |= DNS_DBFIND_COVERINGNSEC;
	dns_fixedname_init(&fixedname);
	foundname = dns_fixedname_name(&fixedname);
	result = dns_view_find(val->view, name, type, 0, options,
			       ISC_FALSE, NULL, NULL, foundname,
			       &val->frdataset, &val->fsigrdataset);

	if (result == DNS_R_NXDOMAIN) {
		if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
		if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
	} else if (result == DNS_R_COVERINGNSEC) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DNS_R_COVERINGNSEC");
		/*
		 * Check if the returned NSEC covers the name.
		 */
		INSIST(type == dns_rdatatype_dlv);
		if (val->frdataset.trust != dns_trust_secure) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "covering nsec: trust %u",
				      val->frdataset.trust);
			goto notfound;
		}
		result = dns_rdataset_first(&val->frdataset);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			goto notfound;
		dns_rdataset_current(&val->frdataset, &rdata);
		if (dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_ns) &&
		    !dns_nsec_typepresent(&rdata, dns_rdatatype_soa)) {
			/* Parent NSEC record. */
			if (dns_name_issubdomain(name, foundname)) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "covering nsec: for parent");
				goto notfound;
			}
		}
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &nsec, NULL);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			goto notfound;
		if (dns_name_compare(foundname, &nsec.next) >= 0) {
			/* End of zone chain. */
			if (!dns_name_issubdomain(name, &nsec.next)) {
				/*
				 * XXXMPA We could look for a parent NSEC
				 * at nsec.next and if found retest with
				 * this NSEC.
				 */
				dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec);
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "covering nsec: not in zone");
				goto notfound;
			}
		} else if (dns_name_compare(name, &nsec.next) >= 0) {
			/*
			 * XXXMPA We could check if this NSEC is at a zone
			 * apex and if the qname is not below it and look for
			 * a parent NSEC with the same name.  This requires
			 * that we can cache both NSEC records which we
			 * currently don't support.
			 */
			dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "covering nsec: not in range");
			goto notfound;
		}
		if (isc_log_wouldlog(dns_lctx,ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3))) {
			dns_name_format(name, buf1, sizeof buf1);
			dns_name_format(foundname, buf2, sizeof buf2);
			dns_name_format(&nsec.next, buf3, sizeof buf3);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "covering nsec found: '%s' '%s' '%s'",
				      buf1, buf2, buf3);
		}
		if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
		if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
		dns_rdata_freestruct(&nsec);
		result = DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN;
	} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS &&
		   result != DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN &&
		   result != DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET &&
		   result != DNS_R_EMPTYNAME &&
		   result != DNS_R_NXRRSET &&
		   result != ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
		goto  notfound;
	}
	return (result);

 notfound:
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
	return (ISC_R_NOTFOUND);
}

/*%
 * Checks to make sure we are not going to loop.  As we use a SHARED fetch
 * the validation process will stall if looping was to occur.
 */
static inline isc_boolean_t
check_deadlock(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t *name, dns_rdatatype_t type,
	       dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, dns_rdataset_t *sigrdataset)
{
	dns_validator_t *parent;

	for (parent = val; parent != NULL; parent = parent->parent) {
		if (parent->event != NULL &&
		    parent->event->type == type &&
		    dns_name_equal(parent->event->name, name) &&
		    /*
		     * As NSEC3 records are meta data you sometimes
		     * need to prove a NSEC3 record which says that
		     * itself doesn't exist.
		     */
		    (parent->event->type != dns_rdatatype_nsec3 ||
		     rdataset == NULL || sigrdataset == NULL ||
		     parent->event->message == NULL ||
		     parent->event->rdataset != NULL ||
		     parent->event->sigrdataset != NULL))
		{
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "continuing validation would lead to "
				      "deadlock: aborting validation");
			return (ISC_TRUE);
		}
	}
	return (ISC_FALSE);
}

/*%
 * Start a fetch for the requested name and type.
 */
static inline isc_result_t
create_fetch(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t *name, dns_rdatatype_t type,
	     isc_taskaction_t callback, const char *caller)
{
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);

	if (check_deadlock(val, name, type, NULL, NULL)) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "deadlock found (create_fetch)");
		return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
	}

	validator_logcreate(val, name, type, caller, "fetch");
	return (dns_resolver_createfetch(val->view->resolver, name, type,
					 NULL, NULL, NULL, 0,
					 val->event->ev_sender,
					 callback, val,
					 &val->frdataset,
					 &val->fsigrdataset,
					 &val->fetch));
}

/*%
 * Start a subvalidation process.
 */
static inline isc_result_t
create_validator(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t *name, dns_rdatatype_t type,
		 dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, dns_rdataset_t *sigrdataset,
		 isc_taskaction_t action, const char *caller)
{
	isc_result_t result;

	if (check_deadlock(val, name, type, rdataset, sigrdataset)) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "deadlock found (create_validator)");
		return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
	}

	validator_logcreate(val, name, type, caller, "validator");
	result = dns_validator_create(val->view, name, type,
				      rdataset, sigrdataset, NULL, 0,
				      val->task, action, val,
				      &val->subvalidator);
	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		val->subvalidator->parent = val;
		val->subvalidator->depth = val->depth + 1;
	}
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Try to find a key that could have signed 'siginfo' among those
 * in 'rdataset'.  If found, build a dst_key_t for it and point
 * val->key at it.
 *
 * If val->key is non-NULL, this returns the next matching key.
 */
static isc_result_t
get_dst_key(dns_validator_t *val, dns_rdata_rrsig_t *siginfo,
	    dns_rdataset_t *rdataset)
{
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_buffer_t b;
	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dst_key_t *oldkey = val->key;
	isc_boolean_t foundold;

	if (oldkey == NULL)
		foundold = ISC_TRUE;
	else {
		foundold = ISC_FALSE;
		val->key = NULL;
	}

	result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		goto failure;
	do {
		dns_rdataset_current(rdataset, &rdata);

		isc_buffer_init(&b, rdata.data, rdata.length);
		isc_buffer_add(&b, rdata.length);
		INSIST(val->key == NULL);
		result = dst_key_fromdns(&siginfo->signer, rdata.rdclass, &b,
					 val->view->mctx, &val->key);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			goto failure;
		if (siginfo->algorithm ==
		    (dns_secalg_t)dst_key_alg(val->key) &&
		    siginfo->keyid ==
		    (dns_keytag_t)dst_key_id(val->key) &&
		    dst_key_iszonekey(val->key))
		{
			if (foundold)
				/*
				 * This is the key we're looking for.
				 */
				return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
			else if (dst_key_compare(oldkey, val->key) == ISC_TRUE)
			{
				foundold = ISC_TRUE;
				dst_key_free(&oldkey);
			}
		}
		dst_key_free(&val->key);
		dns_rdata_reset(&rdata);
		result = dns_rdataset_next(rdataset);
	} while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE)
		result = ISC_R_NOTFOUND;

 failure:
	if (oldkey != NULL)
		dst_key_free(&oldkey);

	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Get the key that generated this signature.
 */
static isc_result_t
get_key(dns_validator_t *val, dns_rdata_rrsig_t *siginfo) {
	isc_result_t result;
	unsigned int nlabels;
	int order;
	dns_namereln_t namereln;

	/*
	 * Is the signer name appropriate for this signature?
	 *
	 * The signer name must be at the same level as the owner name
	 * or closer to the DNS root.
	 */
	namereln = dns_name_fullcompare(val->event->name, &siginfo->signer,
					&order, &nlabels);
	if (namereln != dns_namereln_subdomain &&
	    namereln != dns_namereln_equal)
		return (DNS_R_CONTINUE);

	if (namereln == dns_namereln_equal) {
		/*
		 * If this is a self-signed keyset, it must not be a zone key
		 * (since get_key is not called from validatezonekey).
		 */
		if (val->event->rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_dnskey)
			return (DNS_R_CONTINUE);

		/*
		 * Records appearing in the parent zone at delegation
		 * points cannot be self-signed.
		 */
		if (dns_rdatatype_atparent(val->event->rdataset->type))
			return (DNS_R_CONTINUE);
	} else {
		/*
		 * SOA and NS RRsets can only be signed by a key with
		 * the same name.
		 */
		if (val->event->rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_soa ||
		    val->event->rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_ns) {
			const char *typename;

			if (val->event->rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_soa)
				typename = "SOA";
			else
				typename = "NS";
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "%s signer mismatch", typename);
			return (DNS_R_CONTINUE);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Do we know about this key?
	 */
	result = view_find(val, &siginfo->signer, dns_rdatatype_dnskey);
	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		/*
		 * We have an rrset for the given keyname.
		 */
		val->keyset = &val->frdataset;
		if ((DNS_TRUST_PENDING(val->frdataset.trust) ||
		     DNS_TRUST_ANSWER(val->frdataset.trust)) &&
		    dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		{
			/*
			 * We know the key but haven't validated it yet or
			 * we have a key of trust answer but a DS/DLV
			 * record for the zone may have been added.
			 */
			result = create_validator(val, &siginfo->signer,
						  dns_rdatatype_dnskey,
						  &val->frdataset,
						  &val->fsigrdataset,
						  keyvalidated,
						  "get_key");
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				return (result);
			return (DNS_R_WAIT);
		} else if (DNS_TRUST_PENDING(val->frdataset.trust)) {
			/*
			 * Having a pending key with no signature means that
			 * something is broken.
			 */
			result = DNS_R_CONTINUE;
		} else if (val->frdataset.trust < dns_trust_secure) {
			/*
			 * The key is legitimately insecure.  There's no
			 * point in even attempting verification.
			 */
			val->key = NULL;
			result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
		} else {
			/*
			 * See if we've got the key used in the signature.
			 */
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "keyset with trust %d",
				      val->frdataset.trust);
			result = get_dst_key(val, siginfo, val->keyset);
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
				/*
				 * Either the key we're looking for is not
				 * in the rrset, or something bad happened.
				 * Give up.
				 */
				result = DNS_R_CONTINUE;
			}
		}
	} else if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
		/*
		 * We don't know anything about this key.
		 */
		result = create_fetch(val, &siginfo->signer,
				      dns_rdatatype_dnskey,
				      fetch_callback_validator, "get_key");
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			return (result);
		return (DNS_R_WAIT);
	} else if (result ==  DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN ||
		   result == DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET ||
		   result == DNS_R_EMPTYNAME ||
		   result == DNS_R_NXDOMAIN ||
		   result == DNS_R_NXRRSET)
	{
		/*
		 * This key doesn't exist.
		 */
		result = DNS_R_CONTINUE;
	} else if (result == DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN)
		return (result);

	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset) &&
	    val->keyset != &val->frdataset)
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);

	return (result);
}

static dns_keytag_t
compute_keytag(dns_rdata_t *rdata, dns_rdata_dnskey_t *key) {
	isc_region_t r;

	dns_rdata_toregion(rdata, &r);
	return (dst_region_computeid(&r, key->algorithm));
}

/*%
 * Is this keyset self-signed?
 */
static isc_boolean_t
isselfsigned(dns_validator_t *val) {
	dns_fixedname_t fixed;
	dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, *sigrdataset;
	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdata_t sigrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdata_dnskey_t key;
	dns_rdata_rrsig_t sig;
	dns_keytag_t keytag;
	dns_name_t *name;
	isc_result_t result;
	dst_key_t *dstkey;
	isc_mem_t *mctx;
	isc_boolean_t answer = ISC_FALSE;

	rdataset = val->event->rdataset;
	sigrdataset = val->event->sigrdataset;
	name = val->event->name;
	mctx = val->view->mctx;

	INSIST(rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_dnskey);

	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(rdataset))
	{
		dns_rdata_reset(&rdata);
		dns_rdataset_current(rdataset, &rdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &key, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		keytag = compute_keytag(&rdata, &key);
		for (result = dns_rdataset_first(sigrdataset);
		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
		     result = dns_rdataset_next(sigrdataset))
		{
			dns_rdata_reset(&sigrdata);
			dns_rdataset_current(sigrdataset, &sigrdata);
			result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&sigrdata, &sig, NULL);
			RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);

			if (sig.algorithm != key.algorithm ||
			    sig.keyid != keytag ||
			    !dns_name_equal(name, &sig.signer))
				continue;

			dstkey = NULL;
			result = dns_dnssec_keyfromrdata(name, &rdata, mctx,
							 &dstkey);
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				continue;

			result = dns_dnssec_verify2(name, rdataset, dstkey,
						    ISC_TRUE, mctx, &sigrdata,
						    dns_fixedname_name(&fixed));
			dst_key_free(&dstkey);
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				continue;
			if ((key.flags & DNS_KEYFLAG_REVOKE) == 0) {
				answer = ISC_TRUE;
				continue;
			}
			dns_view_untrust(val->view, name, &key, mctx);
		}
	}
	return (answer);
}

/*%
 * Attempt to verify the rdataset using the given key and rdata (RRSIG).
 * The signature was good and from a wildcard record and the QNAME does
 * not match the wildcard we need to look for a NOQNAME proof.
 *
 * Returns:
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS if the verification succeeds.
 * \li	Others if the verification fails.
 */
static isc_result_t
verify(dns_validator_t *val, dst_key_t *key, dns_rdata_t *rdata,
       isc_uint16_t keyid)
{
	isc_result_t result;
	dns_fixedname_t fixed;
	isc_boolean_t ignore = ISC_FALSE;

	val->attributes |= VALATTR_TRIEDVERIFY;
	dns_fixedname_init(&fixed);
 again:
	result = dns_dnssec_verify2(val->event->name, val->event->rdataset,
				    key, ignore, val->view->mctx, rdata,
				    dns_fixedname_name(&fixed));
	if (result == DNS_R_SIGEXPIRED && val->view->acceptexpired) {
		ignore = ISC_TRUE;
		goto again;
	}
	if (ignore && (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS || result == DNS_R_FROMWILDCARD))
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_INFO,
			      "accepted expired %sRRSIG (keyid=%u)",
			      (result == DNS_R_FROMWILDCARD) ?
			      "wildcard " : "", keyid);
	else
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "verify rdataset (keyid=%u): %s",
			      keyid, isc_result_totext(result));
	if (result == DNS_R_FROMWILDCARD) {
		if (!dns_name_equal(val->event->name,
				    dns_fixedname_name(&fixed)))
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_NEEDNOQNAME;
		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	}
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Attempts positive response validation of a normal RRset.
 *
 * Returns:
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS	Validation completed successfully
 * \li	DNS_R_WAIT	Validation has started but is waiting
 *			for an event.
 * \li	Other return codes are possible and all indicate failure.
 */
static isc_result_t
validate(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t resume) {
	isc_result_t result;
	dns_validatorevent_t *event;
	dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;

	/*
	 * Caller must be holding the validator lock.
	 */

	event = val->event;

	if (resume) {
		/*
		 * We already have a sigrdataset.
		 */
		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "resuming validate");
	} else {
		result = dns_rdataset_first(event->sigrdataset);
	}

	for (;
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(event->sigrdataset))
	{
		dns_rdata_reset(&rdata);
		dns_rdataset_current(event->sigrdataset, &rdata);
		if (val->siginfo == NULL) {
			val->siginfo = isc_mem_get(val->view->mctx,
						   sizeof(*val->siginfo));
			if (val->siginfo == NULL)
				return (ISC_R_NOMEMORY);
		}
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, val->siginfo, NULL);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			return (result);

		/*
		 * At this point we could check that the signature algorithm
		 * was known and "sufficiently good".
		 */
		if (!dns_resolver_algorithm_supported(val->view->resolver,
						      event->name,
						      val->siginfo->algorithm))
			continue;

		if (!resume) {
			result = get_key(val, val->siginfo);
			if (result == DNS_R_CONTINUE)
				continue; /* Try the next SIG RR. */
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				return (result);
		}

		/*
		 * The key is insecure, so mark the data as insecure also.
		 */
		if (val->key == NULL) {
			if (val->mustbesecure) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
					      "must be secure failure,"
					      " key is insecure, so mark the"
					      " data as insecure also.");
				return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
			}
			markanswer(val, "validate");
			return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		}

		do {
			result = verify(val, val->key, &rdata,
					val->siginfo->keyid);
			if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				break;
			if (val->keynode != NULL) {
				dns_keynode_t *nextnode = NULL;
				result = dns_keytable_findnextkeynode(
							val->keytable,
							val->keynode,
							&nextnode);
				dns_keytable_detachkeynode(val->keytable,
							   &val->keynode);
				val->keynode = nextnode;
				if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
					val->key = NULL;
					break;
				}
				val->key = dns_keynode_key(val->keynode);
				if (val->key == NULL)
					break;
			} else {
				if (get_dst_key(val, val->siginfo, val->keyset)
				    != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
					break;
			}
		} while (1);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "failed to verify rdataset");
		else {
			isc_uint32_t ttl;
			isc_stdtime_t now;

			isc_stdtime_get(&now);
			ttl = ISC_MIN(event->rdataset->ttl,
				      val->siginfo->timeexpire - now);
			event->rdataset->ttl = ttl;
			event->sigrdataset->ttl = ttl;
		}

		if (val->keynode != NULL)
			dns_keytable_detachkeynode(val->keytable,
						   &val->keynode);
		else {
			if (val->key != NULL)
				dst_key_free(&val->key);
			if (val->keyset != NULL) {
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(val->keyset);
				val->keyset = NULL;
			}
		}
		val->key = NULL;
		if (NEEDNOQNAME(val)) {
			if (val->event->message == NULL) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "no message available for noqname proof");
				return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
			}
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "looking for noqname proof");
			return (nsecvalidate(val, ISC_FALSE));
		} else if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			marksecure(event);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "marking as secure, "
				      "noqname proof not needed");
			return (result);
		} else {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "verify failure: %s",
				      isc_result_totext(result));
			resume = ISC_FALSE;
		}
	}
	if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "failed to iterate signatures: %s",
			      isc_result_totext(result));
		return (result);
	}

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_INFO, "no valid signature found");
	return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
}

/*%
 * Check whether this DNSKEY (keyrdata) signed the DNSKEY RRset
 * (val->event->rdataset).
 */
static isc_result_t
checkkey(dns_validator_t *val, dns_rdata_t *keyrdata, isc_uint16_t keyid,
	 dns_secalg_t algorithm)
{
	dns_rdata_rrsig_t sig;
	dst_key_t *dstkey = NULL;
	isc_result_t result;

	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(val->event->sigrdataset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(val->event->sigrdataset))
	{
		dns_rdata_t rdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;

		dns_rdataset_current(val->event->sigrdataset, &rdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&rdata, &sig, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		if (keyid != sig.keyid || algorithm != sig.algorithm)
			continue;
		if (dstkey == NULL) {
			result = dns_dnssec_keyfromrdata(val->event->name,
							 keyrdata,
							 val->view->mctx,
							 &dstkey);
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				/*
				 * This really shouldn't happen, but...
				 */
				continue;
		}
		result = verify(val, dstkey, &rdata, sig.keyid);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			break;
	}
	if (dstkey != NULL)
		dst_key_free(&dstkey);
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Find the DNSKEY that corresponds to the DS.
 */
static isc_result_t
keyfromds(dns_validator_t *val, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, dns_rdata_t *dsrdata,
	  isc_uint8_t digest, isc_uint16_t keyid, dns_secalg_t algorithm,
	  dns_rdata_t *keyrdata)
{
	dns_keytag_t keytag;
	dns_rdata_dnskey_t key;
	isc_result_t result;
	unsigned char dsbuf[DNS_DS_BUFFERSIZE];

	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(rdataset))
	{
		dns_rdata_t newdsrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;

		dns_rdata_reset(keyrdata);
		dns_rdataset_current(rdataset, keyrdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(keyrdata, &key, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		keytag = compute_keytag(keyrdata, &key);
		if (keyid != keytag || algorithm != key.algorithm)
			continue;
		dns_rdata_reset(&newdsrdata);
		result = dns_ds_buildrdata(val->event->name, keyrdata, digest,
					   dsbuf, &newdsrdata);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "dns_ds_buildrdata() -> %s",
				      dns_result_totext(result));
			continue;
		}
		if (dns_rdata_compare(dsrdata, &newdsrdata) == 0)
			break;
	}
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Validate the DNSKEY RRset by looking for a DNSKEY that matches a
 * DLV record and that also verifies the DNSKEY RRset.
 */
static isc_result_t
dlv_validatezonekey(dns_validator_t *val) {
	dns_rdata_dlv_t dlv;
	dns_rdata_t dlvrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdata_t keyrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdataset_t trdataset;
	isc_boolean_t supported_algorithm;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_uint8_t digest_type;

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "dlv_validatezonekey");

	/*
	 * Look through the DLV record and find the keys that can sign the
	 * key set and the matching signature.  For each such key, attempt
	 * verification.
	 */
	supported_algorithm = ISC_FALSE;

	/*
	 * If DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256 is present we are required to prefer
	 * it over DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA1.  This in practice means that we
	 * need to ignore DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA1 if a DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256
	 * is present.
	 */
	digest_type = DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA1;
	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&val->dlv);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(&val->dlv)) {
		dns_rdata_reset(&dlvrdata);
		dns_rdataset_current(&val->dlv, &dlvrdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&dlvrdata, &dlv, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);

		if (!dns_resolver_algorithm_supported(val->view->resolver,
						      val->event->name,
						      dlv.algorithm))
			continue;

		if (dlv.digest_type == DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256 &&
		    dlv.length == ISC_SHA256_DIGESTLENGTH) {
			digest_type = DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256;
			break;
		}
	}

	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(&val->dlv);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(&val->dlv))
	{
		dns_rdata_reset(&dlvrdata);
		dns_rdataset_current(&val->dlv, &dlvrdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&dlvrdata, &dlv, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);

		if (!dns_resolver_digest_supported(val->view->resolver,
						   dlv.digest_type))
			continue;

		if (dlv.digest_type != digest_type)
			continue;

		if (!dns_resolver_algorithm_supported(val->view->resolver,
						      val->event->name,
						      dlv.algorithm))
			continue;

		supported_algorithm = ISC_TRUE;

		dns_rdataset_init(&trdataset);
		dns_rdataset_clone(val->event->rdataset, &trdataset);

		/*
		 * Convert to DLV to DS and find matching DNSKEY.
		 */
		dlvrdata.type = dns_rdatatype_ds;
		result = keyfromds(val, &trdataset, &dlvrdata,
				   dlv.digest_type, dlv.key_tag,
				   dlv.algorithm, &keyrdata);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&trdataset);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "no DNSKEY matching DLV");
			continue;
		}

		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
		      "Found matching DLV record: checking for signature");
		/*
		 * Check that this DNSKEY signed the DNSKEY rrset.
		 */
		result = checkkey(val, &keyrdata, dlv.key_tag, dlv.algorithm);

		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&trdataset);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			break;
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "no RRSIG matching DLV key");
	}
	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		marksecure(val->event);
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "marking as secure (dlv)");
		return (result);
	} else if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE && !supported_algorithm) {
		if (val->mustbesecure) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
				      "must be secure failure,"
				      "no supported algorithm/digest (dlv)");
			return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
		}
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "no supported algorithm/digest (dlv)");
		markanswer(val, "dlv_validatezonekey (2)");
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	} else
		return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
}

/*%
 * Attempts positive response validation of an RRset containing zone keys
 * (i.e. a DNSKEY rrset).
 *
 * Returns:
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS	Validation completed successfully
 * \li	DNS_R_WAIT	Validation has started but is waiting
 *			for an event.
 * \li	Other return codes are possible and all indicate failure.
 */
static isc_result_t
validatezonekey(dns_validator_t *val) {
	isc_result_t result;
	dns_validatorevent_t *event;
	dns_rdataset_t trdataset;
	dns_rdata_t dsrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdata_t keyrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdata_t sigrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	dns_rdata_ds_t ds;
	dns_rdata_rrsig_t sig;
	dst_key_t *dstkey;
	isc_boolean_t supported_algorithm;
	isc_boolean_t atsep = ISC_FALSE;
	isc_uint8_t digest_type;

	/*
	 * Caller must be holding the validator lock.
	 */

	event = val->event;

	if (val->havedlvsep && val->dlv.trust >= dns_trust_secure &&
	    dns_name_equal(event->name, dns_fixedname_name(&val->dlvsep)))
		return (dlv_validatezonekey(val));

	if (val->dsset == NULL) {

		/*
		 * We have a dlv sep.  Skip looking up the SEP from
		 * {trusted,managed}-keys.  If the dlv sep is for the
		 * root then it will have been handled above so we don't
		 * need to check whether val->event->name is "." prior to
		 * looking up the DS.
		 */
		if (val->havedlvsep)
			goto find_ds;

		/*
		 * First, see if this key was signed by a trusted key.
		 */
		for (result = dns_rdataset_first(val->event->sigrdataset);
		     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
		     result = dns_rdataset_next(val->event->sigrdataset))
		{
			dns_keynode_t *keynode = NULL;
			dns_fixedname_t fixed;
			dns_name_t *found;

			dns_fixedname_init(&fixed);
			found = dns_fixedname_name(&fixed);
			dns_rdata_reset(&sigrdata);
			dns_rdataset_current(val->event->sigrdataset,
					     &sigrdata);
			result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&sigrdata, &sig, NULL);
			RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);

			if (!dns_name_equal(val->event->name, &sig.signer))
				continue;

			result = dns_keytable_findkeynode(val->keytable,
							  val->event->name,
							  sig.algorithm,
							  sig.keyid, &keynode);
			if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND &&
			    dns_keytable_finddeepestmatch(val->keytable,
				  val->event->name, found) != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
				if (val->mustbesecure) {
					validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
						     "must be secure failure, "
						     "not beneath secure root");
					return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
				} else
					validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
						     "not beneath secure root");
				if (val->view->dlv == NULL) {
					markanswer(val, "validatezonekey (1)");
					return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
				}
				return (startfinddlvsep(val, dns_rootname));
			}
			if (result == DNS_R_PARTIALMATCH ||
			    result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				atsep = ISC_TRUE;
			while (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
				dns_keynode_t *nextnode = NULL;
				dstkey = dns_keynode_key(keynode);
				if (dstkey == NULL) {
					dns_keytable_detachkeynode(
								val->keytable,
								&keynode);
					break;
				}
				result = verify(val, dstkey, &sigrdata,
						sig.keyid);
				if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
					dns_keytable_detachkeynode(
								val->keytable,
								&keynode);
					break;
				}
				result = dns_keytable_findnextkeynode(
								val->keytable,
								keynode,
								&nextnode);
				dns_keytable_detachkeynode(val->keytable,
							   &keynode);
				keynode = nextnode;
			}
			if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
				marksecure(event);
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "signed by trusted key; "
					      "marking as secure");
				return (result);
			}
		}

		if (atsep) {
			/*
			 * We have not found a key to verify this DNSKEY
			 * RRset.  As this is a SEP we have to assume that
			 * the RRset is invalid.
			 */
			dns_name_format(val->event->name, namebuf,
					sizeof(namebuf));
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_NOTICE,
				      "unable to find a DNSKEY which verifies "
				      "the DNSKEY RRset and also matches a "
				      "trusted key for '%s'",
				      namebuf);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_NOTICE,
				      "please check the 'trusted-keys' for "
				      "'%s' in named.conf.", namebuf);
			return (DNS_R_NOVALIDKEY);
		}

		/*
		 * If this is the root name and there was no trusted key,
		 * give up, since there's no DS at the root.
		 */
		if (dns_name_equal(event->name, dns_rootname)) {
			if ((val->attributes & VALATTR_TRIEDVERIFY) != 0) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "root key failed to validate");
				return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
			} else {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "no trusted root key");
				return (DNS_R_NOVALIDDS);
			}
		}
 find_ds:
		/*
		 * Otherwise, try to find the DS record.
		 */
		result = view_find(val, val->event->name, dns_rdatatype_ds);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			/*
			 * We have DS records.
			 */
			val->dsset = &val->frdataset;
			if ((DNS_TRUST_PENDING(val->frdataset.trust) ||
			     DNS_TRUST_ANSWER(val->frdataset.trust)) &&
			    dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
			{
				result = create_validator(val,
							  val->event->name,
							  dns_rdatatype_ds,
							  &val->frdataset,
							  &val->fsigrdataset,
							  dsvalidated,
							  "validatezonekey");
				if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
					return (result);
				return (DNS_R_WAIT);
			} else if (DNS_TRUST_PENDING(val->frdataset.trust)) {
				/*
				 * There should never be an unsigned DS.
				 */
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(2),
					      "unsigned DS record");
				return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
			} else
				result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
		} else if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
			/*
			 * We don't have the DS.  Find it.
			 */
			result = create_fetch(val, val->event->name,
					      dns_rdatatype_ds, dsfetched,
					      "validatezonekey");
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				return (result);
			return (DNS_R_WAIT);
		} else if (result ==  DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN ||
			   result == DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET ||
			   result == DNS_R_EMPTYNAME ||
			   result == DNS_R_NXDOMAIN ||
			   result == DNS_R_NXRRSET)
		{
			/*
			 * The DS does not exist.
			 */
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(2), "no DS record");
			return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
		} else if (result == DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN)
			return (result);
	}

	/*
	 * We have a DS set.
	 */
	INSIST(val->dsset != NULL);

	if (val->dsset->trust < dns_trust_secure) {
		if (val->mustbesecure) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
				      "must be secure failure,"
				      " insecure DS");
			return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
		}
		markanswer(val, "validatezonekey (2)");
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	}

	/*
	 * Look through the DS record and find the keys that can sign the
	 * key set and the matching signature.  For each such key, attempt
	 * verification.
	 */

	supported_algorithm = ISC_FALSE;

	/*
	 * If DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256 is present we are required to prefer
	 * it over DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA1.  This in practice means that we
	 * need to ignore DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA1 if a DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256
	 * is present.
	 */
	digest_type = DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA1;
	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(val->dsset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(val->dsset)) {
		dns_rdata_reset(&dsrdata);
		dns_rdataset_current(val->dsset, &dsrdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&dsrdata, &ds, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);

		if (!dns_resolver_algorithm_supported(val->view->resolver,
						      val->event->name,
						      ds.algorithm))
			continue;

		if (ds.digest_type == DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256 &&
		    ds.length == ISC_SHA256_DIGESTLENGTH) {
			digest_type = DNS_DSDIGEST_SHA256;
			break;
		}
	}

	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(val->dsset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(val->dsset))
	{
		dns_rdata_reset(&dsrdata);
		dns_rdataset_current(val->dsset, &dsrdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&dsrdata, &ds, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);

		if (!dns_resolver_digest_supported(val->view->resolver,
						   ds.digest_type))
			continue;

		if (ds.digest_type != digest_type)
			continue;

		if (!dns_resolver_algorithm_supported(val->view->resolver,
						      val->event->name,
						      ds.algorithm))
			continue;

		supported_algorithm = ISC_TRUE;

		dns_rdataset_init(&trdataset);
		dns_rdataset_clone(val->event->rdataset, &trdataset);

		/*
		 * Find matching DNSKEY from DS.
		 */
		result = keyfromds(val, &trdataset, &dsrdata, ds.digest_type,
				   ds.key_tag, ds.algorithm, &keyrdata);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&trdataset);
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "no DNSKEY matching DS");
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Check that this DNSKEY signed the DNSKEY rrset.
		 */
		result = checkkey(val, &keyrdata, ds.key_tag, ds.algorithm);

		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&trdataset);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			break;
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "no RRSIG matching DS key");
	}
	if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		marksecure(event);
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "marking as secure (DS)");
		return (result);
	} else if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE && !supported_algorithm) {
		if (val->mustbesecure) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
				      "must be secure failure, "
				      "no supported algorithm/digest (DS)");
			return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
		}
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "no supported algorithm/digest (DS)");
		markanswer(val, "validatezonekey (3)");
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	} else {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_INFO,
			      "no valid signature found (DS)");
		return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
	}
}

/*%
 * Starts a positive response validation.
 *
 * Returns:
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS	Validation completed successfully
 * \li	DNS_R_WAIT	Validation has started but is waiting
 *			for an event.
 * \li	Other return codes are possible and all indicate failure.
 */
static isc_result_t
start_positive_validation(dns_validator_t *val) {
	/*
	 * If this is not a key, go straight into validate().
	 */
	if (val->event->type != dns_rdatatype_dnskey || !isselfsigned(val))
		return (validate(val, ISC_FALSE));

	return (validatezonekey(val));
}

/*%
 * val_rdataset_first and val_rdataset_next provide iteration methods
 * that hide whether we are iterating across a message or a  negative
 * cache rdataset.
 */
static isc_result_t
val_rdataset_first(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t **namep,
		   dns_rdataset_t **rdatasetp)
{
	dns_message_t *message = val->event->message;
	isc_result_t result;

	REQUIRE(rdatasetp != NULL);
	REQUIRE(namep != NULL);
	if (message == NULL) {
		REQUIRE(*rdatasetp != NULL);
		REQUIRE(*namep != NULL);
	} else {
		REQUIRE(*rdatasetp == NULL);
		REQUIRE(*namep == NULL);
	}

	if (message != NULL) {
		result = dns_message_firstname(message, DNS_SECTION_AUTHORITY);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			return (result);
		dns_message_currentname(message, DNS_SECTION_AUTHORITY, namep);
		*rdatasetp = ISC_LIST_HEAD((*namep)->list);
		INSIST(*rdatasetp != NULL);
	} else {
		result = dns_rdataset_first(val->event->rdataset);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			dns_ncache_current(val->event->rdataset, *namep,
					   *rdatasetp);
	}
	return (result);
}

static isc_result_t
val_rdataset_next(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t **namep,
		  dns_rdataset_t **rdatasetp)
{
	dns_message_t *message = val->event->message;
	isc_result_t result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;

	REQUIRE(rdatasetp != NULL && *rdatasetp != NULL);
	REQUIRE(namep != NULL && *namep != NULL);

	if (message != NULL) {
		dns_rdataset_t *rdataset = *rdatasetp;
		rdataset = ISC_LIST_NEXT(rdataset, link);
		if (rdataset == NULL) {
			*namep = NULL;
			result = dns_message_nextname(message,
						      DNS_SECTION_AUTHORITY);
			if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
				dns_message_currentname(message,
							DNS_SECTION_AUTHORITY,
							namep);
				rdataset = ISC_LIST_HEAD((*namep)->list);
				INSIST(rdataset != NULL);
			}
		}
		*rdatasetp = rdataset;
	} else {
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(*rdatasetp);
		result = dns_rdataset_next(val->event->rdataset);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			dns_ncache_current(val->event->rdataset, *namep,
					   *rdatasetp);
	}
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Look for NODATA at the wildcard and NOWILDCARD proofs in the
 * previously validated NSEC records.  As these proofs are mutually
 * exclusive we stop when one is found.
 *
 * Returns
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS
 */
static isc_result_t
checkwildcard(dns_validator_t *val, dns_rdatatype_t type, dns_name_t *zonename)
{
	dns_name_t *name, *wild, tname;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_boolean_t exists, data;
	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, trdataset;

	dns_name_init(&tname, NULL);
	dns_rdataset_init(&trdataset);
	wild = dns_fixedname_name(&val->wild);

	if (dns_name_countlabels(wild) == 0) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "in checkwildcard: no wildcard to check");
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	}

	dns_name_format(wild, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in checkwildcard: %s", namebuf);

	if (val->event->message == NULL) {
		name = &tname;
		rdataset = &trdataset;
	} else {
		name = NULL;
		rdataset = NULL;
	}

	for (result = val_rdataset_first(val, &name, &rdataset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = val_rdataset_next(val, &name, &rdataset))
	{
		if (rdataset->type != type ||
		    rdataset->trust != dns_trust_secure)
			continue;

		if (rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_nsec &&
		    (NEEDNODATA(val) || NEEDNOWILDCARD(val)) &&
		    !FOUNDNODATA(val) && !FOUNDNOWILDCARD(val) &&
		    nsecnoexistnodata(val, wild, name, rdataset,
				      &exists, &data, NULL)
				       == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		{
			dns_name_t **proofs = val->event->proofs;
			if (exists && !data)
				val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDNODATA;
			if (exists && !data && NEEDNODATA(val))
				proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NODATAPROOF] =
						 name;
			if (!exists)
				val->attributes |=
					 VALATTR_FOUNDNOWILDCARD;
			if (!exists && NEEDNOQNAME(val))
				proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NOWILDCARDPROOF] =
						 name;
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&trdataset))
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&trdataset);
			return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		}

		if (rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_nsec3 &&
		    (NEEDNODATA(val) || NEEDNOWILDCARD(val)) &&
		    !FOUNDNODATA(val) && !FOUNDNOWILDCARD(val) &&
		    nsec3noexistnodata(val, wild, name, rdataset,
				       zonename, &exists, &data,
				       NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
				       NULL) == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		{
			dns_name_t **proofs = val->event->proofs;
			if (exists && !data)
				val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDNODATA;
			if (exists && !data && NEEDNODATA(val))
				proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NODATAPROOF] =
						 name;
			if (!exists)
				val->attributes |=
					 VALATTR_FOUNDNOWILDCARD;
			if (!exists && NEEDNOQNAME(val))
				proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NOWILDCARDPROOF] =
						 name;
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&trdataset))
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&trdataset);
			return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		}
	}
	if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE)
		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&trdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&trdataset);
	return (result);
}

static isc_result_t
findnsec3proofs(dns_validator_t *val) {
	dns_name_t *name, tname;
	isc_result_t result;
	isc_boolean_t exists, data, optout, unknown;
	isc_boolean_t setclosest, setnearest;
	dns_fixedname_t fclosest, fnearest, fzonename;
	dns_name_t *closest, *nearest, *zonename;
	dns_name_t **proofs = val->event->proofs;
	dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, trdataset;

	dns_name_init(&tname, NULL);
	dns_rdataset_init(&trdataset);
	dns_fixedname_init(&fclosest);
	dns_fixedname_init(&fnearest);
	dns_fixedname_init(&fzonename);
	closest = dns_fixedname_name(&fclosest);
	nearest = dns_fixedname_name(&fnearest);
	zonename = dns_fixedname_name(&fzonename);

	if (val->event->message == NULL) {
		name = &tname;
		rdataset = &trdataset;
	} else {
		name = NULL;
		rdataset = NULL;
	}

	for (result = val_rdataset_first(val, &name, &rdataset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = val_rdataset_next(val, &name, &rdataset))
	{
		if (rdataset->type != dns_rdatatype_nsec3 ||
		    rdataset->trust != dns_trust_secure)
			continue;

		result = nsec3noexistnodata(val, val->event->name,
					    name, rdataset,
					    zonename, NULL, NULL, NULL,
					    NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
					    NULL);
		if (result != ISC_R_IGNORE && result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&trdataset))
				dns_rdataset_disassociate(&trdataset);
			return (result);
		}
	}
	if (result != ISC_R_NOMORE)
		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;

	if (dns_name_countlabels(zonename) == 0)
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);

	for (result = val_rdataset_first(val, &name, &rdataset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = val_rdataset_next(val, &name, &rdataset))
	{
		if (rdataset->type != dns_rdatatype_nsec3 ||
		    rdataset->trust != dns_trust_secure)
			continue;

		/*
		 * We process all NSEC3 records to find the closest
		 * encloser and nearest name to the closest encloser.
		 */
		setclosest = setnearest = ISC_FALSE;
		optout = ISC_FALSE;
		unknown = ISC_FALSE;
		(void)nsec3noexistnodata(val, val->event->name, name, rdataset,
					 zonename, &exists, &data, &optout,
					 &unknown, &setclosest, &setnearest,
					 closest, nearest);
		if (setclosest)
			proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_CLOSESTENCLOSER] = name;
		if (unknown)
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDUNKNOWN;
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			continue;
		if (exists && !data && NEEDNODATA(val)) {
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDNODATA;
			proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NODATAPROOF] = name;
		}
		if (!exists && setnearest) {
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDNOQNAME;
			proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NOQNAMEPROOF] = name;
			if (optout)
				val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDOPTOUT;
		}
	}
	if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE)
		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;

	/*
	 * To know we have a valid noqname and optout proofs we need to also
	 * have a valid closest encloser.  Otherwise we could still be looking
	 * at proofs from the parent zone.
	 */
	if (dns_name_countlabels(closest) > 0 &&
	    dns_name_countlabels(nearest) ==
	    dns_name_countlabels(closest) + 1 &&
	    dns_name_issubdomain(nearest, closest))
	{
		val->attributes |= VALATTR_FOUNDCLOSEST;
		result = dns_name_concatenate(dns_wildcardname, closest,
					      dns_fixedname_name(&val->wild),
					      NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	} else {
		val->attributes &= ~VALATTR_FOUNDNOQNAME;
		val->attributes &= ~VALATTR_FOUNDOPTOUT;
		proofs[DNS_VALIDATOR_NOQNAMEPROOF] = NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * Do we need to check for the wildcard?
	 */
	if (FOUNDNOQNAME(val) && FOUNDCLOSEST(val) &&
	    ((NEEDNODATA(val) && !FOUNDNODATA(val)) || NEEDNOWILDCARD(val))) {
		result = checkwildcard(val, dns_rdatatype_nsec3, zonename);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			return (result);
	}
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Validate the authority section records.
 */
static isc_result_t
validate_authority(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t resume) {
	dns_name_t *name;
	dns_message_t *message = val->event->message;
	isc_result_t result;

	if (!resume)
		result = dns_message_firstname(message, DNS_SECTION_AUTHORITY);
	else
		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;

	for (;
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_message_nextname(message, DNS_SECTION_AUTHORITY))
	{
		dns_rdataset_t *rdataset = NULL, *sigrdataset = NULL;

		name = NULL;
		dns_message_currentname(message, DNS_SECTION_AUTHORITY, &name);
		if (resume) {
			rdataset = ISC_LIST_NEXT(val->currentset, link);
			val->currentset = NULL;
			resume = ISC_FALSE;
		} else
			rdataset = ISC_LIST_HEAD(name->list);

		for (;
		     rdataset != NULL;
		     rdataset = ISC_LIST_NEXT(rdataset, link))
		{
			if (rdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_rrsig)
				continue;

			for (sigrdataset = ISC_LIST_HEAD(name->list);
			     sigrdataset != NULL;
			     sigrdataset = ISC_LIST_NEXT(sigrdataset,
							 link))
			{
				if (sigrdataset->type == dns_rdatatype_rrsig &&
				    sigrdataset->covers == rdataset->type)
					break;
			}
			/*
			 * If a signed zone is missing the zone key, bad
			 * things could happen.  A query for data in the zone
			 * would lead to a query for the zone key, which
			 * would return a negative answer, which would contain
			 * an SOA and an NSEC signed by the missing key, which
			 * would trigger another query for the DNSKEY (since
			 * the first one is still in progress), and go into an
			 * infinite loop.  Avoid that.
			 */
			if (val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_dnskey &&
			    dns_name_equal(name, val->event->name))
			{
				dns_rdata_t nsec = DNS_RDATA_INIT;

				if (rdataset->type != dns_rdatatype_nsec)
					continue;

				result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset);
				if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
					return (result);
				dns_rdataset_current(rdataset, &nsec);
				if (dns_nsec_typepresent(&nsec,
							dns_rdatatype_soa))
					continue;
			}
			val->currentset = rdataset;
			result = create_validator(val, name, rdataset->type,
						  rdataset, sigrdataset,
						  authvalidated,
						  "validate_authority");
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				return (result);
			val->authcount++;
			return (DNS_R_WAIT);
		}
	}
	if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE)
		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Validate the ncache elements.
 */
static isc_result_t
validate_ncache(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t resume) {
	dns_name_t *name;
	isc_result_t result;

	if (!resume)
		result = dns_rdataset_first(val->event->rdataset);
	else
		result = dns_rdataset_next(val->event->rdataset);

	for (;
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(val->event->rdataset))
	{
		dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, *sigrdataset = NULL;

		if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
		if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
			dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);

		dns_fixedname_init(&val->fname);
		name = dns_fixedname_name(&val->fname);
		rdataset = &val->frdataset;
		dns_ncache_current(val->event->rdataset, name, rdataset);

		if (val->frdataset.type == dns_rdatatype_rrsig)
			continue;

		result = dns_ncache_getsigrdataset(val->event->rdataset, name,
						   rdataset->type,
						   &val->fsigrdataset);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			sigrdataset = &val->fsigrdataset;

		/*
		 * If a signed zone is missing the zone key, bad
		 * things could happen.  A query for data in the zone
		 * would lead to a query for the zone key, which
		 * would return a negative answer, which would contain
		 * an SOA and an NSEC signed by the missing key, which
		 * would trigger another query for the DNSKEY (since
		 * the first one is still in progress), and go into an
		 * infinite loop.  Avoid that.
		 */
		if (val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_dnskey &&
		    dns_name_equal(name, val->event->name))
		{
			dns_rdata_t nsec = DNS_RDATA_INIT;

			if (rdataset->type != dns_rdatatype_nsec)
				continue;

			result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset);
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				return (result);
			dns_rdataset_current(rdataset, &nsec);
			if (dns_nsec_typepresent(&nsec,
						dns_rdatatype_soa))
				continue;
		}
		val->currentset = rdataset;
		result = create_validator(val, name, rdataset->type,
					  rdataset, sigrdataset,
					  authvalidated,
					  "validate_ncache");
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			return (result);
		val->authcount++;
		return (DNS_R_WAIT);
	}
	if (result == ISC_R_NOMORE)
		result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Prove a negative answer is good or that there is a NOQNAME when the
 * answer is from a wildcard.
 *
 * Loop through the authority section looking for NODATA, NOWILDCARD
 * and NOQNAME proofs in the NSEC records by calling authvalidated().
 *
 * If the required proofs are found we are done.
 *
 * If the proofs are not found attempt to prove this is a unsecure
 * response.
 */
static isc_result_t
nsecvalidate(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t resume) {
	isc_result_t result;

	if (resume)
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "resuming nsecvalidate");

	if (val->event->message == NULL)
		result = validate_ncache(val, resume);
	else
		result = validate_authority(val, resume);

	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		return (result);

	/*
	 * Do we only need to check for NOQNAME?  To get here we must have
	 * had a secure wildcard answer.
	 */
	if (!NEEDNODATA(val) && !NEEDNOWILDCARD(val) && NEEDNOQNAME(val)) {
		if (!FOUNDNOQNAME(val))
			findnsec3proofs(val);
		if (FOUNDNOQNAME(val) && FOUNDCLOSEST(val)) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "marking as secure, noqname proof found");
			marksecure(val->event);
			return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		} else if (FOUNDOPTOUT(val) &&
			   dns_name_countlabels(dns_fixedname_name(&val->wild))
					 != 0) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "optout proof found");
			val->event->optout = ISC_TRUE;
			markanswer(val, "nsecvalidate (1)");
			return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		} else if ((val->attributes & VALATTR_FOUNDUNKNOWN) != 0) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "unknown NSEC3 hash algorithm found");
			markanswer(val, "nsecvalidate (2)");
			return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		}
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "noqname proof not found");
		return (DNS_R_NOVALIDNSEC);
	}

	if (!FOUNDNOQNAME(val) && !FOUNDNODATA(val))
		findnsec3proofs(val);

	/*
	 * Do we need to check for the wildcard?
	 */
	if (FOUNDNOQNAME(val) && FOUNDCLOSEST(val) &&
	    ((NEEDNODATA(val) && !FOUNDNODATA(val)) || NEEDNOWILDCARD(val))) {
		result = checkwildcard(val, dns_rdatatype_nsec, NULL);
		if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			return (result);
	}

	if ((NEEDNODATA(val) && (FOUNDNODATA(val) || FOUNDOPTOUT(val))) ||
	    (NEEDNOQNAME(val) && FOUNDNOQNAME(val) &&
	     NEEDNOWILDCARD(val) && FOUNDNOWILDCARD(val) &&
	     FOUNDCLOSEST(val))) {
		if ((val->attributes & VALATTR_FOUNDOPTOUT) != 0)
			val->event->optout = ISC_TRUE;
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "nonexistence proof(s) found");
		if (val->event->message == NULL)
			marksecure(val->event);
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	}

	if (val->authfail != 0 && val->authcount == val->authfail)
		return (DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN);
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
		      "nonexistence proof(s) not found");
	val->attributes |= VALATTR_INSECURITY;
	return (proveunsecure(val, ISC_FALSE, ISC_FALSE));
}

static isc_boolean_t
check_ds(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t *name, dns_rdataset_t *rdataset) {
	dns_rdata_t dsrdata = DNS_RDATA_INIT;
	dns_rdata_ds_t ds;
	isc_result_t result;

	for (result = dns_rdataset_first(rdataset);
	     result == ISC_R_SUCCESS;
	     result = dns_rdataset_next(rdataset)) {
		dns_rdataset_current(rdataset, &dsrdata);
		result = dns_rdata_tostruct(&dsrdata, &ds, NULL);
		RUNTIME_CHECK(result == ISC_R_SUCCESS);

		if (dns_resolver_digest_supported(val->view->resolver,
						  ds.digest_type) &&
		    dns_resolver_algorithm_supported(val->view->resolver,
						     name, ds.algorithm)) {
			dns_rdata_reset(&dsrdata);
			return (ISC_TRUE);
		}
		dns_rdata_reset(&dsrdata);
	}
	return (ISC_FALSE);
}

static void
dlvvalidated(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	dns_validatorevent_t *devent;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	isc_result_t eresult;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy;

	UNUSED(task);
	INSIST(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_VALIDATORDONE);

	devent = (dns_validatorevent_t *)event;
	val = devent->ev_arg;
	eresult = devent->result;

	isc_event_free(&event);
	dns_validator_destroy(&val->subvalidator);

	INSIST(val->event != NULL);

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in dlvvalidated");
	LOCK(&val->lock);
	if (CANCELED(val)) {
		validator_done(val, ISC_R_CANCELED);
	} else if (eresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "dlvset with trust %d", val->frdataset.trust);
		dns_rdataset_clone(&val->frdataset, &val->dlv);
		val->havedlvsep = ISC_TRUE;
		if (dlv_algorithm_supported(val))
			dlv_validator_start(val);
		else {
			markanswer(val, "dlvvalidated");
			validator_done(val, ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		}
	} else {
		if (eresult != DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN) {
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
				dns_rdataset_expire(&val->frdataset);
			if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
				dns_rdataset_expire(&val->fsigrdataset);
		}
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "dlvvalidated: got %s",
			      isc_result_totext(eresult));
		validator_done(val, DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN);
	}
	want_destroy = exit_check(val);
	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);
}

/*%
 * Callback from fetching a DLV record.
 *
 * Resumes the DLV lookup process.
 */
static void
dlvfetched(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	dns_fetchevent_t *devent;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy;
	isc_result_t eresult;
	isc_result_t result;

	UNUSED(task);
	INSIST(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_FETCHDONE);
	devent = (dns_fetchevent_t *)event;
	val = devent->ev_arg;
	eresult = devent->result;

	/* Free resources which are not of interest. */
	if (devent->node != NULL)
		dns_db_detachnode(devent->db, &devent->node);
	if (devent->db != NULL)
		dns_db_detach(&devent->db);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
	isc_event_free(&event);
	dns_resolver_destroyfetch(&val->fetch);

	INSIST(val->event != NULL);
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "in dlvfetched: %s",
		      dns_result_totext(eresult));

	LOCK(&val->lock);
	if (eresult == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		dns_name_format(dns_fixedname_name(&val->dlvsep), namebuf,
				sizeof(namebuf));
		dns_rdataset_clone(&val->frdataset, &val->dlv);
		val->havedlvsep = ISC_TRUE;
		if (dlv_algorithm_supported(val)) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DLV %s found",
				      namebuf);
			dlv_validator_start(val);
		} else {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "DLV %s found with no supported algorithms",
				      namebuf);
			markanswer(val, "dlvfetched (1)");
			validator_done(val, ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		}
	} else if (eresult == DNS_R_NXRRSET ||
		   eresult == DNS_R_NXDOMAIN ||
		   eresult == DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET ||
		   eresult == DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN) {
		result = finddlvsep(val, ISC_TRUE);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			if (dlv_algorithm_supported(val)) {
				dns_name_format(dns_fixedname_name(&val->dlvsep),
						namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "DLV %s found", namebuf);
				dlv_validator_start(val);
			} else {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "DLV %s found with no supported "
					      "algorithms", namebuf);
				markanswer(val, "dlvfetched (2)");
				validator_done(val, ISC_R_SUCCESS);
			}
		} else if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DLV not found");
			markanswer(val, "dlvfetched (3)");
			validator_done(val, ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		} else {
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DLV lookup: %s",
				      dns_result_totext(result));
			if (result != DNS_R_WAIT)
				validator_done(val, result);
		}
	} else {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DLV lookup: %s",
			      dns_result_totext(eresult));
		validator_done(val, eresult);
	}
	want_destroy = exit_check(val);
	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);
}

/*%
 * Start the DLV lookup process.
 *
 * Returns
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS
 * \li	DNS_R_WAIT
 * \li	Others on validation failures.
 */
static isc_result_t
startfinddlvsep(dns_validator_t *val, dns_name_t *unsecure) {
	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	isc_result_t result;

	INSIST(!DLVTRIED(val));

	val->attributes |= VALATTR_DLVTRIED;

	dns_name_format(unsecure, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
		      "plain DNSSEC returns unsecure (%s): looking for DLV",
		      namebuf);

	if (dns_name_issubdomain(val->event->name, val->view->dlv)) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING, "must be secure failure, "
			      " %s is under DLV (startfinddlvsep)", namebuf);
		return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
	}

	val->dlvlabels = dns_name_countlabels(unsecure) - 1;
	result = finddlvsep(val, ISC_FALSE);
	if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DLV not found");
		markanswer(val, "startfinddlvsep (1)");
		return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	}
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DLV lookup: %s",
			      dns_result_totext(result));
		return (result);
	}
	dns_name_format(dns_fixedname_name(&val->dlvsep), namebuf,
			sizeof(namebuf));
	if (dlv_algorithm_supported(val)) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DLV %s found", namebuf);
		dlv_validator_start(val);
		return (DNS_R_WAIT);
	}
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "DLV %s found with no supported "
		      "algorithms", namebuf);
	markanswer(val, "startfinddlvsep (2)");
	validator_done(val, ISC_R_SUCCESS);
	return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
}

/*%
 * Continue the DLV lookup process.
 *
 * Returns
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS
 * \li	ISC_R_NOTFOUND
 * \li	DNS_R_WAIT
 * \li	Others on validation failure.
 */
static isc_result_t
finddlvsep(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t resume) {
	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	dns_fixedname_t dlvfixed;
	dns_name_t *dlvname;
	dns_name_t *dlvsep;
	dns_name_t noroot;
	isc_result_t result;
	unsigned int labels;

	INSIST(val->view->dlv != NULL);

	if (!resume) {
		if (dns_name_issubdomain(val->event->name, val->view->dlv)) {
			dns_name_format(val->event->name, namebuf,
					sizeof(namebuf));
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
				      "must be secure failure, "
				      "%s is under DLV (finddlvsep)", namebuf);
			return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
		}

		dns_fixedname_init(&val->dlvsep);
		dlvsep = dns_fixedname_name(&val->dlvsep);
		dns_name_copy(val->event->name, dlvsep, NULL);
		/*
		 * If this is a response to a DS query, we need to look in
		 * the parent zone for the trust anchor.
		 */
		if (val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_ds) {
			labels = dns_name_countlabels(dlvsep);
			if (labels == 0)
				return (ISC_R_NOTFOUND);
			dns_name_getlabelsequence(dlvsep, 1, labels - 1,
						  dlvsep);
		}
	} else {
		dlvsep = dns_fixedname_name(&val->dlvsep);
		labels = dns_name_countlabels(dlvsep);
		dns_name_getlabelsequence(dlvsep, 1, labels - 1, dlvsep);
	}
	dns_name_init(&noroot, NULL);
	dns_fixedname_init(&dlvfixed);
	dlvname = dns_fixedname_name(&dlvfixed);
	labels = dns_name_countlabels(dlvsep);
	if (labels == 0)
		return (ISC_R_NOTFOUND);
	dns_name_getlabelsequence(dlvsep, 0, labels - 1, &noroot);
	result = dns_name_concatenate(&noroot, val->view->dlv, dlvname, NULL);
	while (result == ISC_R_NOSPACE) {
		labels = dns_name_countlabels(dlvsep);
		dns_name_getlabelsequence(dlvsep, 1, labels - 1, dlvsep);
		dns_name_getlabelsequence(dlvsep, 0, labels - 2, &noroot);
		result = dns_name_concatenate(&noroot, val->view->dlv,
					      dlvname, NULL);
	}
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(2), "DLV concatenate failed");
		return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
	}

	while (dns_name_countlabels(dlvname) >=
	       dns_name_countlabels(val->view->dlv) + val->dlvlabels) {
		dns_name_format(dlvname, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "looking for DLV %s",
			      namebuf);
		result = view_find(val, dlvname, dns_rdatatype_dlv);
		if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			if (DNS_TRUST_PENDING(val->frdataset.trust) &&
			    dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
			{
				dns_fixedname_init(&val->fname);
				dns_name_copy(dlvname,
					      dns_fixedname_name(&val->fname),
					      NULL);
				result = create_validator(val,
						dns_fixedname_name(&val->fname),
							  dns_rdatatype_dlv,
							  &val->frdataset,
							  &val->fsigrdataset,
							  dlvvalidated,
							  "finddlvsep");
				if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
					return (result);
				return (DNS_R_WAIT);
			}
			if (val->frdataset.trust < dns_trust_secure) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "DLV not validated");
				return (DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG);
			}
			val->havedlvsep = ISC_TRUE;
			dns_rdataset_clone(&val->frdataset, &val->dlv);
			return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
		}
		if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
			result = create_fetch(val, dlvname, dns_rdatatype_dlv,
					      dlvfetched, "finddlvsep");
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				return (result);
			return (DNS_R_WAIT);
		}
		if (result != DNS_R_NXRRSET &&
		    result != DNS_R_NXDOMAIN &&
		    result != DNS_R_EMPTYNAME &&
		    result != DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET &&
		    result != DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN)
			return (result);
		/*
		 * Strip first labels from both dlvsep and dlvname.
		 */
		labels = dns_name_countlabels(dlvsep);
		if (labels == 0)
			break;
		dns_name_getlabelsequence(dlvsep, 1, labels - 1, dlvsep);
		labels = dns_name_countlabels(dlvname);
		dns_name_getlabelsequence(dlvname, 1, labels - 1, dlvname);
	}
	return (ISC_R_NOTFOUND);
}

/*%
 * proveunsecure walks down from the SEP looking for a break in the
 * chain of trust.  That occurs when we can prove the DS record does
 * not exist at a delegation point or the DS exists at a delegation
 * but we don't support the algorithm/digest.
 *
 * If DLV is active and we look for a DLV record at or below the
 * point we go insecure.  If found we restart the validation process.
 * If not found or DLV isn't active we mark the response as a answer.
 *
 * Returns:
 * \li	ISC_R_SUCCESS		val->event->name is in a unsecure zone
 * \li	DNS_R_WAIT		validation is in progress.
 * \li	DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE	val->event->name is supposed to be secure
 *				(policy) but we proved that it is unsecure.
 * \li	DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG
 * \li	DNS_R_NOVALIDNSEC
 * \li	DNS_R_NOTINSECURE
 * \li	DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN
 */
static isc_result_t
proveunsecure(dns_validator_t *val, isc_boolean_t have_ds, isc_boolean_t resume)
{
	isc_result_t result;
	dns_fixedname_t fixedsecroot;
	dns_name_t *secroot;
	dns_name_t *tname;
	char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	dns_name_t *found;
	dns_fixedname_t fixedfound;

	dns_fixedname_init(&fixedsecroot);
	secroot = dns_fixedname_name(&fixedsecroot);
	dns_fixedname_init(&fixedfound);
	found = dns_fixedname_name(&fixedfound);
	if (val->havedlvsep)
		dns_name_copy(dns_fixedname_name(&val->dlvsep), secroot, NULL);
	else {
		unsigned int labels;
		dns_name_copy(val->event->name, secroot, NULL);
		/*
		 * If this is a response to a DS query, we need to look in
		 * the parent zone for the trust anchor.
		 */

		labels = dns_name_countlabels(secroot);
		if (val->event->type == dns_rdatatype_ds && labels > 1U)
			dns_name_getlabelsequence(secroot, 1, labels - 1,
						  secroot);
		result = dns_keytable_finddeepestmatch(val->keytable,
						       secroot, secroot);
		if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
			if (val->mustbesecure) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
					      "must be secure failure, "
					      "not beneath secure root");
				result = DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE;
				goto out;
			} else
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "not beneath secure root");
			if (val->view->dlv == NULL || DLVTRIED(val)) {
				markanswer(val, "proveunsecure (1)");
				return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
			}
			return (startfinddlvsep(val, dns_rootname));
		} else if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
			return (result);
	}

	if (!resume) {
		/*
		 * We are looking for breaks below the SEP so add a label.
		 */
		val->labels = dns_name_countlabels(secroot) + 1;
	} else {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "resuming proveunsecure");
		/*
		 * If we have a DS rdataset and it is secure then check if
		 * the DS rdataset has a supported algorithm combination.
		 * If not this is an insecure delegation as far as this
		 * resolver is concerned.  Fall back to DLV if available.
		 */
		if (have_ds && val->frdataset.trust >= dns_trust_secure &&
		    !check_ds(val, dns_fixedname_name(&val->fname),
			      &val->frdataset)) {
			dns_name_format(dns_fixedname_name(&val->fname),
					namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
			if ((val->view->dlv == NULL || DLVTRIED(val)) &&
			    val->mustbesecure) {
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
					      "must be secure failure at '%s', "
					      "can't fall back to DLV",
					      namebuf);
				result = DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE;
				goto out;
			}
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "no supported algorithm/digest (%s/DS)",
				      namebuf);
			if (val->view->dlv == NULL || DLVTRIED(val)) {
				markanswer(val, "proveunsecure (2)");
				result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
				goto out;
			}
			result = startfinddlvsep(val,
					      dns_fixedname_name(&val->fname));
			goto out;
		}
		val->labels++;
	}

	for (;
	     val->labels <= dns_name_countlabels(val->event->name);
	     val->labels++)
	{

		dns_fixedname_init(&val->fname);
		tname = dns_fixedname_name(&val->fname);
		if (val->labels == dns_name_countlabels(val->event->name))
			dns_name_copy(val->event->name, tname, NULL);
		else
			dns_name_split(val->event->name, val->labels,
				       NULL, tname);

		dns_name_format(tname, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "checking existence of DS at '%s'",
			      namebuf);

		result = view_find(val, tname, dns_rdatatype_ds);
		if (result == DNS_R_NXRRSET || result == DNS_R_NCACHENXRRSET) {
			/*
			 * There is no DS.  If this is a delegation,
			 * we may be done.
			 */
			/*
			 * If we have "trust == answer" then this namespace
			 * has switched from insecure to should be secure.
			 */
			if (DNS_TRUST_PENDING(val->frdataset.trust) ||
			    DNS_TRUST_ANSWER(val->frdataset.trust)) {
				result = create_validator(val, tname,
							  dns_rdatatype_ds,
							  &val->frdataset,
							  NULL, dsvalidated,
							  "proveunsecure");
				if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
					goto out;
				return (DNS_R_WAIT);
			}
			/*
			 * Zones using NSEC3 don't return a NSEC RRset so
			 * we need to use dns_view_findzonecut2 to find
			 * the zone cut.
			 */
			if (result == DNS_R_NXRRSET &&
			    !dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset) &&
			    dns_view_findzonecut2(val->view, tname, found,
						 0, 0, ISC_FALSE, ISC_FALSE,
						 NULL, NULL) == ISC_R_SUCCESS &&
			    dns_name_equal(tname, found)) {
				if (val->mustbesecure) {
					validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
						      "must be secure failure, "
						      "no DS at zone cut");
					return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
				}
				if (val->view->dlv == NULL || DLVTRIED(val)) {
					markanswer(val, "proveunsecure (3)");
					return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
				}
				return (startfinddlvsep(val, tname));
			}
			if (val->frdataset.trust < dns_trust_secure) {
				/*
				 * This shouldn't happen, since the negative
				 * response should have been validated.  Since
				 * there's no way of validating existing
				 * negative response blobs, give up.
				 */
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
					      "can't validate existing "
					      "negative responses (no DS)");
				result = DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG;
				goto out;
			}
			if (isdelegation(tname, &val->frdataset, result)) {
				if (val->mustbesecure) {
					validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
						      "must be secure failure, "
						      "%s is a delegation",
						      namebuf);
					return (DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE);
				}
				if (val->view->dlv == NULL || DLVTRIED(val)) {
					markanswer(val, "proveunsecure (4)");
					return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);
				}
				return (startfinddlvsep(val, tname));
			}
			continue;
		} else if (result == ISC_R_SUCCESS) {
			/*
			 * There is a DS here.  Verify that it's secure and
			 * continue.
			 */
			if (val->frdataset.trust >= dns_trust_secure) {
				if (!check_ds(val, tname, &val->frdataset)) {
					validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
						     "no supported algorithm/"
						     "digest (%s/DS)", namebuf);
					if (val->mustbesecure) {
						validator_log(val,
							      ISC_LOG_WARNING,
						      "must be secure failure, "
						      "no supported algorithm/"
						      "digest (%s/DS)",
						      namebuf);
						result = DNS_R_MUSTBESECURE;
						goto out;
					}
					if (val->view->dlv == NULL ||
					    DLVTRIED(val)) {
						markanswer(val,
							   "proveunsecure (5)");
						result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
						goto out;
					}
					result = startfinddlvsep(val, tname);
					goto out;
				}
				continue;
			}
			else if (!dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
			{
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
					      "DS is unsigned");
				result = DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG;
				goto out;
			}
			/*
			 * Validate / re-validate answer.
			 */
			result = create_validator(val, tname, dns_rdatatype_ds,
						  &val->frdataset,
						  &val->fsigrdataset,
						  dsvalidated,
						  "proveunsecure");
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				goto out;
			return (DNS_R_WAIT);
		} else if (result == DNS_R_NXDOMAIN ||
			   result == DNS_R_NCACHENXDOMAIN) {
			/*
			 * This is not a zone cut.  Assuming things are
			 * as expected, continue.
			 */
			if (!dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset)) {
				/*
				 * There should be an NSEC here, since we
				 * are still in a secure zone.
				 */
				result = DNS_R_NOVALIDNSEC;
				goto out;
			} else if (val->frdataset.trust < dns_trust_secure) {
				/*
				 * This shouldn't happen, since the negative
				 * response should have been validated.  Since
				 * there's no way of validating existing
				 * negative response blobs, give up.
				 */
				validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_WARNING,
					      "can't validate existing "
					      "negative responses "
					      "(not a zone cut)");
				result = DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG;
				goto out;
			}
			continue;
		} else if (result == ISC_R_NOTFOUND) {
			/*
			 * We don't know anything about the DS.  Find it.
			 */
			result = create_fetch(val, tname, dns_rdatatype_ds,
					      dsfetched2, "proveunsecure");
			if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
				goto out;
			return (DNS_R_WAIT);
		} else if (result == DNS_R_BROKENCHAIN)
			return (result);
	}

	/* Couldn't complete insecurity proof */
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "insecurity proof failed");
	return (DNS_R_NOTINSECURE);

 out:
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
	return (result);
}

/*%
 * Reset state and revalidate the answer using DLV.
 */
static void
dlv_validator_start(dns_validator_t *val) {
	isc_event_t *event;

	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "dlv_validator_start");

	/*
	 * Reset state and try again.
	 */
	val->attributes &= VALATTR_DLVTRIED;
	val->options &= ~DNS_VALIDATOR_DLV;

	event = (isc_event_t *)val->event;
	isc_task_send(val->task, &event);
}

/*%
 * Start the validation process.
 *
 * Attempt to validate the answer based on the category it appears to
 * fall in.
 * \li	1. secure positive answer.
 * \li	2. unsecure positive answer.
 * \li	3. a negative answer (secure or unsecure).
 *
 * Note a answer that appears to be a secure positive answer may actually
 * be an unsecure positive answer.
 */
static void
validator_start(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
	dns_validator_t *val;
	dns_validatorevent_t *vevent;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy = ISC_FALSE;
	isc_result_t result = ISC_R_FAILURE;

	UNUSED(task);
	REQUIRE(event->ev_type == DNS_EVENT_VALIDATORSTART);
	vevent = (dns_validatorevent_t *)event;
	val = vevent->validator;

	/* If the validator has been canceled, val->event == NULL */
	if (val->event == NULL)
		return;

	if (DLVTRIED(val))
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "restarting using DLV");
	else
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "starting");

	LOCK(&val->lock);

	if ((val->options & DNS_VALIDATOR_DLV) != 0 &&
	     val->event->rdataset != NULL) {
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "looking for DLV");
		result = startfinddlvsep(val, dns_rootname);
	} else if (val->event->rdataset != NULL &&
		   val->event->sigrdataset != NULL) {
		isc_result_t saved_result;

		/*
		 * This looks like a simple validation.  We say "looks like"
		 * because it might end up requiring an insecurity proof.
		 */
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "attempting positive response validation");

		INSIST(dns_rdataset_isassociated(val->event->rdataset));
		INSIST(dns_rdataset_isassociated(val->event->sigrdataset));
		result = start_positive_validation(val);
		if (result == DNS_R_NOVALIDSIG &&
		    (val->attributes & VALATTR_TRIEDVERIFY) == 0)
		{
			saved_result = result;
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
				      "falling back to insecurity proof");
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_INSECURITY;
			result = proveunsecure(val, ISC_FALSE, ISC_FALSE);
			if (result == DNS_R_NOTINSECURE)
				result = saved_result;
		}
	} else if (val->event->rdataset != NULL &&
		   val->event->rdataset->type != 0) {
		/*
		 * This is either an unsecure subdomain or a response from
		 * a broken server.
		 */
		INSIST(dns_rdataset_isassociated(val->event->rdataset));
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "attempting insecurity proof");

		val->attributes |= VALATTR_INSECURITY;
		result = proveunsecure(val, ISC_FALSE, ISC_FALSE);
		if (result == DNS_R_NOTINSECURE)
			validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_INFO,
				      "got insecure response; "
				      "parent indicates it should be secure");
	} else if (val->event->rdataset == NULL &&
		   val->event->sigrdataset == NULL)
	{
		/*
		 * This is a nonexistence validation.
		 */
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "attempting negative response validation");

		if (val->event->message->rcode == dns_rcode_nxdomain) {
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_NEEDNOQNAME;
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_NEEDNOWILDCARD;
		} else
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_NEEDNODATA;
		result = nsecvalidate(val, ISC_FALSE);
	} else if (val->event->rdataset != NULL &&
		    val->event->rdataset->type == 0)
	{
		/*
		 * This is a nonexistence validation.
		 */
		validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3),
			      "attempting negative response validation");

		if (val->event->rdataset->covers == dns_rdatatype_any) {
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_NEEDNOQNAME;
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_NEEDNOWILDCARD;
		} else
			val->attributes |= VALATTR_NEEDNODATA;
		result = nsecvalidate(val, ISC_FALSE);
	} else {
		/*
		 * This shouldn't happen.
		 */
		INSIST(0);
	}

	if (result != DNS_R_WAIT) {
		want_destroy = exit_check(val);
		validator_done(val, result);
	}

	UNLOCK(&val->lock);
	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);
}

isc_result_t
dns_validator_create(dns_view_t *view, dns_name_t *name, dns_rdatatype_t type,
		     dns_rdataset_t *rdataset, dns_rdataset_t *sigrdataset,
		     dns_message_t *message, unsigned int options,
		     isc_task_t *task, isc_taskaction_t action, void *arg,
		     dns_validator_t **validatorp)
{
	isc_result_t result;
	dns_validator_t *val;
	isc_task_t *tclone;
	dns_validatorevent_t *event;

	REQUIRE(name != NULL);
	REQUIRE(rdataset != NULL ||
		(rdataset == NULL && sigrdataset == NULL && message != NULL));
	REQUIRE(validatorp != NULL && *validatorp == NULL);

	tclone = NULL;
	result = ISC_R_FAILURE;

	val = isc_mem_get(view->mctx, sizeof(*val));
	if (val == NULL)
		return (ISC_R_NOMEMORY);
	val->view = NULL;
	dns_view_weakattach(view, &val->view);

	event = (dns_validatorevent_t *)
		isc_event_allocate(view->mctx, task,
				   DNS_EVENT_VALIDATORSTART,
				   validator_start, NULL,
				   sizeof(dns_validatorevent_t));
	if (event == NULL) {
		result = ISC_R_NOMEMORY;
		goto cleanup_val;
	}
	isc_task_attach(task, &tclone);
	event->validator = val;
	event->result = ISC_R_FAILURE;
	event->name = name;
	event->type = type;
	event->rdataset = rdataset;
	event->sigrdataset = sigrdataset;
	event->message = message;
	memset(event->proofs, 0, sizeof(event->proofs));
	event->optout = ISC_FALSE;
	result = isc_mutex_init(&val->lock);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		goto cleanup_event;
	val->event = event;
	val->options = options;
	val->attributes = 0;
	val->fetch = NULL;
	val->subvalidator = NULL;
	val->parent = NULL;

	val->keytable = NULL;
	result = dns_view_getsecroots(val->view, &val->keytable);
	if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
		return (result);

	val->keynode = NULL;
	val->key = NULL;
	val->siginfo = NULL;
	val->task = task;
	val->action = action;
	val->arg = arg;
	val->labels = 0;
	val->currentset = NULL;
	val->keyset = NULL;
	val->dsset = NULL;
	dns_rdataset_init(&val->dlv);
	val->seensig = ISC_FALSE;
	val->havedlvsep = ISC_FALSE;
	val->depth = 0;
	val->authcount = 0;
	val->authfail = 0;
	val->mustbesecure = dns_resolver_getmustbesecure(view->resolver, name);
	dns_rdataset_init(&val->frdataset);
	dns_rdataset_init(&val->fsigrdataset);
	dns_fixedname_init(&val->wild);
	dns_fixedname_init(&val->nearest);
	dns_fixedname_init(&val->closest);
	ISC_LINK_INIT(val, link);
	val->magic = VALIDATOR_MAGIC;

	if ((options & DNS_VALIDATOR_DEFER) == 0)
		isc_task_send(task, ISC_EVENT_PTR(&event));

	*validatorp = val;

	return (ISC_R_SUCCESS);

 cleanup_event:
	isc_task_detach(&tclone);
	isc_event_free(ISC_EVENT_PTR(&event));

 cleanup_val:
	dns_view_weakdetach(&val->view);
	isc_mem_put(view->mctx, val, sizeof(*val));

	return (result);
}

void
dns_validator_send(dns_validator_t *validator) {
	isc_event_t *event;
	REQUIRE(VALID_VALIDATOR(validator));

	LOCK(&validator->lock);

	INSIST((validator->options & DNS_VALIDATOR_DEFER) != 0);
	event = (isc_event_t *)validator->event;
	validator->options &= ~DNS_VALIDATOR_DEFER;
	UNLOCK(&validator->lock);

	isc_task_send(validator->task, ISC_EVENT_PTR(&event));
}

void
dns_validator_cancel(dns_validator_t *validator) {
	REQUIRE(VALID_VALIDATOR(validator));

	LOCK(&validator->lock);

	validator_log(validator, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "dns_validator_cancel");

	if ((validator->attributes & VALATTR_CANCELED) == 0) {
		validator->attributes |= VALATTR_CANCELED;
		if (validator->event != NULL) {
			if (validator->fetch != NULL)
				dns_resolver_cancelfetch(validator->fetch);

			if (validator->subvalidator != NULL)
				dns_validator_cancel(validator->subvalidator);
			if ((validator->options & DNS_VALIDATOR_DEFER) != 0) {
				validator->options &= ~DNS_VALIDATOR_DEFER;
				validator_done(validator, ISC_R_CANCELED);
			}
		}
	}
	UNLOCK(&validator->lock);
}

static void
destroy(dns_validator_t *val) {
	isc_mem_t *mctx;

	REQUIRE(SHUTDOWN(val));
	REQUIRE(val->event == NULL);
	REQUIRE(val->fetch == NULL);

	if (val->keynode != NULL)
		dns_keytable_detachkeynode(val->keytable, &val->keynode);
	else if (val->key != NULL)
		dst_key_free(&val->key);
	if (val->keytable != NULL)
		dns_keytable_detach(&val->keytable);
	if (val->subvalidator != NULL)
		dns_validator_destroy(&val->subvalidator);
	if (val->havedlvsep)
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->dlv);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->frdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->frdataset);
	if (dns_rdataset_isassociated(&val->fsigrdataset))
		dns_rdataset_disassociate(&val->fsigrdataset);
	mctx = val->view->mctx;
	if (val->siginfo != NULL)
		isc_mem_put(mctx, val->siginfo, sizeof(*val->siginfo));
	DESTROYLOCK(&val->lock);
	dns_view_weakdetach(&val->view);
	val->magic = 0;
	isc_mem_put(mctx, val, sizeof(*val));
}

void
dns_validator_destroy(dns_validator_t **validatorp) {
	dns_validator_t *val;
	isc_boolean_t want_destroy = ISC_FALSE;

	REQUIRE(validatorp != NULL);
	val = *validatorp;
	REQUIRE(VALID_VALIDATOR(val));

	LOCK(&val->lock);

	val->attributes |= VALATTR_SHUTDOWN;
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(3), "dns_validator_destroy");

	want_destroy = exit_check(val);

	UNLOCK(&val->lock);

	if (want_destroy)
		destroy(val);

	*validatorp = NULL;
}

static void
validator_logv(dns_validator_t *val, isc_logcategory_t *category,
	       isc_logmodule_t *module, int level, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	char msgbuf[2048];
	static const char spaces[] = "        *";
	int depth = val->depth * 2;

	vsnprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), fmt, ap);

	if ((unsigned int) depth >= sizeof spaces)
		depth = sizeof spaces - 1;

	if (val->event != NULL && val->event->name != NULL) {
		char namebuf[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
		char typebuf[DNS_RDATATYPE_FORMATSIZE];

		dns_name_format(val->event->name, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf));
		dns_rdatatype_format(val->event->type, typebuf,
				     sizeof(typebuf));
		isc_log_write(dns_lctx, category, module, level,
			      "%.*svalidating @%p: %s %s: %s", depth, spaces,
			      val, namebuf, typebuf, msgbuf);
	} else {
		isc_log_write(dns_lctx, category, module, level,
			      "%.*svalidator @%p: %s", depth, spaces,
			       val, msgbuf);
	}
}

static void
validator_log(dns_validator_t *val, int level, const char *fmt, ...) {
	va_list ap;

	if (! isc_log_wouldlog(dns_lctx, level))
		return;

	va_start(ap, fmt);

	validator_logv(val, DNS_LOGCATEGORY_DNSSEC,
		       DNS_LOGMODULE_VALIDATOR, level, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
}

static void
validator_logcreate(dns_validator_t *val,
		    dns_name_t *name, dns_rdatatype_t type,
		    const char *caller, const char *operation)
{
	char namestr[DNS_NAME_FORMATSIZE];
	char typestr[DNS_RDATATYPE_FORMATSIZE];

	dns_name_format(name, namestr, sizeof(namestr));
	dns_rdatatype_format(type, typestr, sizeof(typestr));
	validator_log(val, ISC_LOG_DEBUG(9), "%s: creating %s for %s %s",
		      caller, operation, namestr, typestr);
}
